Essays on Resistors

Perrier, an iconic brand in the world of mineral water, started to experience some problems the year after it great success of 1989. The previous year it had remarkably sold 1.2 billion bottles of mineral water, almost half to the population in the United States. The reason for their remarkable sale can be attributed to the absence of potential competitors in the market. The people had no choice, and therefore, they had to buy Perrier’s bottled water. However, in the year 1990, a minute quantity of benzene detected in the bottle reduced its sale by almost fifty percent ( ...

Introduction

The relation between the potential difference, electric current, and resistance are represented in the Ohm Law. The Ohm Law consists in the direct relation between the potential difference and the electric current of a basic circuit, where the resistance is the constant value in the relation. Mathematically speaking the Ohm Law is a first-grade equation where the potential difference is the dependent variable, the electric current the independent variable and the resistance a constant value. With a deep analysis of the circuit, the resistances are components inside the circuit that difficult the path of the electric current through the ...

Lab Experiment #4: Fundamentals of Electric Circuits

Goals The main objective of this laboratory practice is to gain understanding on the basic laws that describe electric circuits and their application.

Background and Theory

Ohm’s Law. According to Alexander and Sadiku (2013), “Ohm’s Law states that the voltage v across a resistor is directly proportional to the current i flowing through the resistor” (p. 31). The constant of proportionality is the element’s resistance, R, which depends on several factors that will not be analyzed in this report. The equation for Ohm’s Law is then: v=iR (where v: voltage, i: current and R: resistance). The units for ...

1. 2. A. Yes, there is an electric field inside the box. Electric fields exist as a consequence of a charge body, and electric field is present at a point even if there is no charge at that point of space as long as there are nearby charged bodies.

F=8.988 ×109 N∙m2C22 C×0.01 C3 m2 F=1.9973 ×107 N C.E=kq1r2 E=8.988 ×109 N∙m2C22 C3 m2 E=1.9973 ×109 NC 3. A. The direction of the force would be downwards, or pointing towards the negatively charged plate. B. C.E=FC E=9×10-6 N-3 ×10-9 C=-3×103 NC D.Vab=Ed Vab=-3×103 ...

Introduction

It is important for every mobile robot to possess the ability to navigate in target environment. Navigation can be described here as the robotic system’s ability to identify its own position in an unknown area with respect to some reference point and then move to its target position. In order to navigate in its environment and reach target position correctly, an efficient control system should be designed. The aim of this project is to design and implement a mobile robot localisation and control.The mobile robot is developed with the ability of:

Localisation System

For a positioning system, it is required ...

Signal filtering is one of the most fundamental practices in signal processing. The filters are widely incorporated in the signal processing circuits due to their indomitable role in data acquisition and also to get rid of all the unnecessary signals and frequencies which interfere with the quality of the main signal. These unwanted signals are commonly referred to as noises. Once the signal has been filtered, they are then processed as either analog or digital depending on the signals application. Some signals are however weak and thus require an amplification circuit so that the filtering circuits can be consistent. ...

Introduction

This experiment aims to examine the transient phase of a second order circuit. By definition, a second order circuit consists of circuit elements which are a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor connected either in series or parallel. The transient phase of the second order circuit used in this experiment was investigated by measuring the voltage across the capacitor and the resistor. The measured voltage will help determine whether the transient phase is; overdamped, critically damped or under-damped.

Equipment’s used in the Experiment

An oscilloscope, a function generator, resistors, an inductor and a capacitor. Procedure The voltage v(t) of the circuit 8.2 was ...

555timer

Introduction The 555 integrated circuit (chip) is used in a variety of timer and oscillator applications. A 555 timer is used to provide time delays and oscillations and as a flip-flop element. The device has additional terminals provided to trigger or resetting purpose (Nair, 2006). During the time delay operation mode, time is precisely controlled by an external resistor and capacitor. While working as an oscillator, the duty cycle and the frequency are accurately regulated by two external resistors and a capacitor (Brumbach, & Clade, 2003). 555 is triggered and reset on falling waveforms. A typical 555 timer IC is ...

Lab Report

Introduction This lab experiment involves choosing values of the resistors, that will enable maximum output of power in circuit two, according to the circuit connection made. The aim is determining values of the resistors that will enable increase in power up to 2.7 kilo ohms. Results were then tabulated.

Apparatus

Resistors Oscilloscope Digital multimeter Function generator Breadboard Procedure The apparatus were arranged to form a complete circuit, whereby resistor values were first were determined sequentially. The resistor value that would enable a resistivity value of 2.7 kΩ was the determined. The set up was done according to the figure below ...

PURPOSE

Design an active second order Low-pass filter and characterize its frequency response.EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS Oscilloscope Power Supply Function Generator UA741 or LM741 OP AMP 4.7 nF Capacitors

Resistors

PRELAB 1. The RC circuit is shown in the following figure. Node Voltage Analysis is done in order to generate a transfer function Tvs=V2sV1s. In the circuit, voltage at node A is also the input voltage (V1=VA), and voltage at node D is also the output voltage (V2=VD).

KCL at node B:

V1-VBR1=VB-V21/sC1+VB-VCR2 (1)

KCL at node C:

VB-VCR2=VC1/sC2 (2) V2=uVC→VC=V2u (3)

Simplifying (2):

VB=VC1+sR2C2 (4)

Then, substituting (3) to (4):

VB=V2u1+sR2C2 (5)

Substituting (3) and (5) to (1):

V1-V2u1+sR2C2R1=V2u1+sR2C2-V21sC1+V2u1+sR2C2-V2uR2 V1-V2u1+sR2C2R1=V2u1-u+sR2C21sC1+V2usR2C2R2 V1-V2u1+ ...

Objective:

This experiment is about the implementation and testing of low-pass, high-pass, and band-pass filters. The frequency response of each filter is analyzed using Bode plots. The properties of passive devices will be used to explain the response.

Equipment List:

EQUIPMENT Oscilloscope 2 Function Generators

COMPONENTS

1µF Capacitors 1 kΩ Resistors

Relevant Theory/Background Information:

A low-pass filter is a filter that allows frequencies below a cut-off frequency while filtering out frequencies above this cut-off frequency. For a simple series RC circuit, a low-pass filter can be created by connecting the input signal to the resistor and taking the output from the capacitor. The cut-off frequency ...