Essays on Rituals

Body Rituals Among the Nacirema

We might find many things strange about the Nacirema. What might the Nacirema find strange about us? List three possibilities and explain choices The Nacirema may find it strange that our women do not stick our head inside ovens four times a month. Many American women prefer to wear their hair natural, if they can or to secure it away from their face. We generally do not practice the Ritual ablution of the mouth for children. This is because it is seen a cruel and will result is criminal charges for the perpetrator and possibly therapy for the child. ...

For a long time, art and culture of the peoples of Africa remained a mystery to the rest of the world. The study of culture and art of the peoples of the African continent has discovered their unique traditions and way of life. Masks and weapons make the basis of their culture. These so-called artifacts are present in every village and every African city. It is impossible to imagine Africa without masks; they reflect the uniqueness and originality of the local customs and beliefs. Unfortunately, African wooden sculpture is poorly preserved in the hot and humid climate. That is ...

The Mawangdui tomb paintings has been analyzed very carefully by a number of experts who have different interpretations based on the belief systems prevalent at the time of Lady Dai's life and death. Given how rich Chinese history is, in terms of its beliefs, there are a number of texts and sources that can be used to explain this four-layered coffin and that has become the subject of much debate (Holloway). In the first reading, the question as to why paintings are even kept in tombs is asked and where one reaches the conclusion that it is probably assumed ...

Health is an important aspect of human life. As such, it should be treated with utmost seriousness. Some cultural beliefs and customs, however, may affect healthcare delivery. Though legal, some of these beliefs may have negative medical effects on the society and a medico-legal professional will have to know how to cope with such cases (Hartley, 2012). This paper will analyze how to deal with such beliefs that medico-legal professional might encounter. Such beliefs and customs are usually based on the religion affiliations of those concerned. Examples include the negativity towards autopsy in some religions and appraisal of the ...

Qd. One of the interviewees talks about validation and fear. Validation and fear of what and why do you think it was so important for him? The speaker speaks about validation and fear of our desired goals. Thus, when one experiences a desire for something, he usually fears the failure, thinking that his struggling will only bring him disappointment. That is the fear, which keeps the majority from doing anything about their dreams. However, by validating it is possible, one is motivated to move towards his target with even higher persistence. "Your brain says it works, it may not ...

1.1 Analyse culture in an organisation Organisational culture are the values, attitudes and practices that contribute to the “unique social and psychological environment” within a business, or organisation (“organizational culture” 2016). Needle (2004) notes that this is a complex process of creating collective values through shared history, understanding of market, hiring and firing of employees, management style, vision, norms, systems, symbols, language use, beliefs and habits. This allows for a set of shared assumptions, which increase the sense of teamwork, and establishes the pattern of collective behaviours and behavioural expectations within an organisation (Ravasi and Schultz, 2006). Successful companies, ...

Rituals

Rituals can be described as a sequence of activities that involve gestures, objects, and words that are performed in a sequestered premises following a predetermined manner and sequence. Rituals may be dictated by the traditions of a certain community which may include a religious community. Characterization of rituals is majorly done through traditionalism, formalism, sacral symbolism, rue governance and performance. On the other hand, rituals are not defined by these factors. From time immemorial, we find that rituals have always been a feature of each known society. Rituals include rites to worship, sacraments of organized religions that extend to ...

Theories of Religion

The Functionalism theory was coined by Durkheim whereby the theory views religion from a societal platform based on the way it influences the thinking and behaviour of people. The theory argues that sacred objects tend to have divine properties and people tend to separate them from profane objects (Pals & Pals 2006). Religion is viewed as an aspect that fosters good health and society continuation in general. It is a platform that helps societies to affirm their common beliefs and cultural values on a regular basis while also ensuring that societal order and cohesion is enhanced. The essay looks into ...

Buddhism, like all the other Eastern religions, originated from “Animism”, which is the belief that everything in the universe has an essence, a spirit or a soul. As a way of life, it is similar to the other religions in promoting morality, generosity, kindness, harmony, and respect for all living beings including mother nature. Alike Hinduism, Buddhism believes in the following: 1. Reincarnation, wherein the soul is reborn into another body based on the level of spiritual attainment from the previous life. 2. Karma, which is either the positive or the negative effects of an individual’s actions. 3. ...

Purnell’s Model for Cultural Competence

Introduction The modern health care faces multiculturalism and diversity challenges that arise due to cultural differences of the health care professionals and among the clients. As such, various initiatives and strategies have become necessary to inculcate cultural sensitivity or competence among health care professionals. Healthcare organizations face the challenges pose by multicultural diversity as well as ethnic and racial disparities among the service providers (Campinha, 2011). Therefore, they are avidly adopting various strategies to address this issue. They develop statements, initiatives, and standards to encourage health care professionals to become culturally competent. Purnell’s Model has been proposed for ...

I selected ‘Nature of God’ from World View Chart as it is the key factor of religion. Here the word ‘nature’ means the perception of God in different religions, not the relation between God and his devotees or how God is espoused to act or behave in relation to humans as per different religions. How different religions theorize the nature of God is important. Without studying this factor we cannot understand why there is a conflict between different religions and whether this conflict is natural or misconceived.

What is religion?

Before we analyze different religions we need to have a coherent view ...

Film Studies Portfolio

Xavier Dolan’s “Laurence Anyways” Film Review

An extremely ambitious project from a very young director, Xavier Dolan, the romantic drama “Laurence Anyways” follows the love story between Fred (Suzanne Clement) and Laurence (Melvin Poupad). Ironically, although they both have masculine names, Fred and Laurence are women. A transgender who had lived as a man, Laurence comes out with the revelation that he has always felt as a woman inside, and continuing his fake male life would kill him. The filmmaker situates this unique love story in the 1990s, a time when transsexuality was still considered an illness, and ...

Introduction

Katherine Dunham is a legendary dancer and choreographer whose contributions to the dance culture are admirable and great. She is an important figure to the dance culture because of her revolutionary and transformative choreography in the 1930’s. She revolutionized dance styles in America by investigating and establishing the roots of African and Caribbean dance and rituals and transforming them into critical creative choreography that resonates with all. She also pioneered the use of ethnic and folk choreography by introducing it to mainstream dance styles and fusing them. Katherine further founded the anthropological dance movement; showing the whole world ...

In his book Satanic Panic: The Creation of a Contemporary Legend sociologist Jeffrey S. Victor considers the issue connected with the panic in the American society connected with the existence of satanic cults. The author’s thesis is clear: he believes that satanic cults with all the terrors connected with them are non-existent: “None of these claims (is) supported by reliable evidence. My research suggests that they are baseless and misleading. Moreover, these claims exploit widespread fears, particularly the anxieties parents have about their children. The claims are significant, however, because they are themselves the symptoms of serious problems ...

According to Christopher Bader, Joe Baker and Frederick Carson Mencken in Paranormal America: Ghost encounters, UFO sightings, Bigfoot hunts, and other curiosities in religion and culture (2011) research shows that “more than 2/3 of Americans have paranormal beliefs with this being manifested in their penchant for movies with paranormal themes. This statistic is not alarming since evidently the paranormal and the supernatural have been a part of human culture since the beginning of time. In fact, in most religions paranormal experiences are either commonplace, or show up without alarm to the persons practicing that particular religion. While persons without ...

In the ancient years, prior A.D 1054, there existed a single monolithic Christian church. During A.D 1054, there was an excommunication on the idea of the trinity between the patriarch of Constantinople and the pope; this resulted in a great schism (Lynch &Adamo, 2014). The Catholics emphasized on Trinity unity whereas the Orthodox claimed the personhood distinction of the Trinity. The great schism denotes a period in which the single Christian church separated into two core groups: the West Catholic Church and the East Orthodox Church. The two denominations share a significant number of beliefs and practices but also ...

The need for understanding cultural competency has been developing over the recent past. This instance comes after the realization that cultural sensitivity increase healthcare outcomes and interactions in a multidisciplinary setting. The current healthcare setting has encouraged involvement from a diverse workforce with different racial and ethnic basis. In the same way, a precedent rise of a diverse population in the American society means that those in need of healthcare services also require healthcare practitioners to attend to their needs (Treas and Wilkinson, 2014). Given that culture is a complex and extremely demanding concept, the need for a conscious ...

"I'm glad there's some folks gettin' interested in the old ways. This new generation don't know such things, but when they find the old songs and the tales, they'll delight in them." --Granny in Grandfather Tales (Chase & Williams, 1948) The Southern Appalachian region has a rich heritage of folklore and songs passed down orally from European immigrants settling in the mountain range situated from New York to Georgia (Abramson & Haskell, 2006) from the 18th to the 20th centuries (Hanlon, 2000). Since the middle of the 20th century, variations of the folktales have been compared to publications such as Grandfather ...

Impact of Helathcare Sytem on Roman Cuture

Impact of Helathcare Sytem on Roman Cuture

The actual substance of Roman cultural religion depends on their rituals instead of individual beliefs and is collective, not personal. The rituals entail festivals, offerings usually wine, food and animal sacrifices. These rituals in the ancient times were regularly conducted and in a correct way of retaining the favor of the gods to the state, individual or household (Hingley, 2005). With this custom, our healthcare system can be of challenge to the Roman families or patient due to conflicting beliefs; this include but not limited to; While the US healthcare system is ...

Catholicism

Catholicism is a religious denomination that intrigues me by claiming to be a continuation of the early Christian ministry established by Jesus Christ and for the fact that it is far much the oldest Christian group today. It is a combination of several Catholic churches who share common doctrines, theology, and spirituality with the belief that Jesus Christ is the son of God. From my research, I was able to observe clearly all the rituals and rites performed at the Cathedral of Christ the Light Church in Oakland. Most importantly I shared this information with three priests Mark, James, ...

Nowadays, Hawaii is one of the most popular travel destinations. The first associations that come to one’s mind hearing about Hawaii are board surfing, aloha, hula, and incredibly beautiful ocean and sky. However, despite the seeming enervation, Hawaii islands have a rich history rooted in the history of the Polynesian Triangle. This paper aims to discuss the history and culture of ancient Hawaii and the kingdom. As well as New Zealand and Rapa Nui (Easter Island), Hawaii is one of the corners of the Polynesian Triangle. Most cultures of the islands in the Polynesian Triangle have similar Polynesian ...

Introduction

The main mission of the ethnographer outlined in this paper was to carry out an investigation of the traditional Han society and culture (Jarvenpa, 1998). The ethnographer investigated how the Han lived in the early days, including if they still hunted for food or fished, how the Indians and members of the white community interacted, the communities’ hopes and fears, and how they saw their future. In this regard, the ethnographer investigated the traditional Han society and culture through cultural immersion and participants’ observation of the members of the community.

Methods

Methods: The ethnographer used two methods of collecting information. ...

L: Coming of age ceremonies are rituals, and rituals are important to humans, particularly in helping to keep the culture alive. We have to understand that these rituals are embedded within cultures. J: Using words like ‘savage’ to describe a cultural practice shows how we judge people from other cultures that are not our own. If you live with lions everyday, then dealing with lions is something you have to learn, just like Navajo women have to learn how to work with corn that they eat everyday. I thus support the point that different cultures ask different things from ...

The ritual of marriage is a very important milestone in the life of an individual and, more so, in the life of an individual who is also a devout Christian. The Scripture often mentions the sanctity of marriage as well as the permanency of it in one’s life. Such descriptions have resulted in a dilemma for particular individuals who, for some unfortunate reason, have had to divorce and remarry. At present, Catholicism does not permit divorced individuals to remarry unless and until they have had their marriage annulled by the Church. While the Orthodox Catholic views on remarriage ...

This paper would be dedicated to the assessment of the food proscriptions and related rituals in Islam. The food rituals of Islam may be generally represented in context of following two perspectives: the ones, pertaining to the food hygiene –Dhabīḥah as prescribed approach towards slaughtering the ritual animal and certification of such food with the symbol of Muslim Consumer Group (1) and premised and prohibited for consumption food (Halal and Haram ) (2).

The food hygiene

It is stated in Qur’an that Muslim may consume the food, which has been cooked by a non-Muslim, in the case if one is not ...

Nontraditional health care

The historical evolution of human beings includes occurrence and development of different cultural traditions and habits. In the ancient times, people used improvised material to treat for diseases. The health care options included usage of phytogenous and animal origin medicine. According to the ancient society persuasion, natural and spiritualistic rituals could save the life. Specific modes of treatments were passed on from one generation to another. Nowadays, great advances in science demonstrate outstanding health care development. Most of doctors in the modern world prefer traditional health care options to an obsolete customs of medical care. However, it is important ...

Abstract

Jade has been an important part of Chinese culture since Ancient times, when it was used to make various weapons and tools. The reason for this is because it is believed to have positive powers. Some of the attributes attributed to jade are purity, gentlemanliness, the ability to send one’s soul on a positive journey and to prevent misfortune from befalling a person. This is why jade was used in burial rituals, sacrifices and other religious ceremonies. Nevertheless, despite the importance of jade to the Chinese culture for many centuries only the very wealthy were permitted to own ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Trauma / children trauma of separation Trauma refers to an emotional shock or wound often having long-lasting effects. This shock or wound could be caused by any accident, violence, or other such incidents, especially in the childhood, when a child feels completely helpless (Kaduson & Schaefer, 2012). Usually, trauma in the childhood is of great impact as the child is unable to use ordinary coping and defensive processes while facing any intolerable danger, anxiety, or instinctual arousal. These situations have such an overwhelming nature that they may result in an everlasting kind of impact on the mind ...

In describing the various rituals of the “Nacirema” culture, Horace Miner is attempting to show how the “Nacirema” culture, as Miner satirically spells “American”, can be viewed as primitive through the lens of an anthropologist. Yet, the American culture, in general, regards itself as much more advanced than other civilizations (Miner). Such ethnocentrism gives American – and Western – anthropologists the license to view other civilizations as primitive -- as being consumed by superstition and magic. Thus, in much anthropological research, there is a great deal of cultural relativism at work. Of course, the anthropologist views his culture as superior, yet ...

“Madeinusa” is a film about a naive teenager who lives in a small, anonymous village with her sister and father. The film centers on two characters, Salvador, a grungy backpacker and the other is Madeinusa, who is considered a chosen girl and her father is unusually attracted to her. The plot is set against a bizarre festival, and the two main characters fall in love. The outsider from Lima is disliked by the local who fear that he will spoil the fun of their festival while Madeinusa sees an escape through him. What follows are a series of events ...

According to Jan Assmann, culture reflects the forms of thought, mentality, and spiritual activities of individuals and groups in the arts, symbols, rituals, language, and forms of organization of life and forms a universal field of the interaction of mindset, practices, and social institutions (Erll & Nünning, 2010, pp. 109-110). Therefore, cultural memory can be understood as a form of translation and updating of the cultural meanings. At the same time, it is an umbrella term for all the "knowledge" that controls emotions, actions, and practices throughout the life of people in the framework of communication and interaction in ...

nameName:

Grand Canyon University: HLT-310V

dateDate:

Abstract

The worldview of a person is their view and understanding of their entire existence, including the world they live in. Religious beliefs reflectcolor a person’s worldview very strongly. In a comparative look, Christianity and Sikhism have some commonality as monotheistic approaches to the world, in the necessity for moral and ethical behavior that is good, in seeking truth, and in serving an all-knowing God Wwho imparts some of that knowledge to mankind. However, there are noticeable differences in beliefs about death and afterlife, human definition, and the meaning of human history. These beliefs structure their worldviews ...

Affiliated Institution

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the Japanese funeral traditions; we are going to answer the most important question, What are the rituals of the Japanese funerals? We are going to reveal in details some of the most important highlights of the Japanese funeral culture, according to chronological order, starting from the moment of death till the burial process itself.

The First Moments After Death.

Japan has a mix of Buddhism and Shintoism beliefs; yet when it comes to death, most of the Japanese follow the Buddhism rituals (Wiren). The moment a person dies, “Water of the last moment” ceremony begins. This ...

Adolescence to Adulthood

Adolescence begins at the end of childhood, generally when a child reaches the age of puberty. The arrival of adolescence is definite and certain, for example in girls, adolescent is determined by menarche or their first menstruation whereas in boys, growth of reproductive parts determine the onset of adolescence (Glozah and Lawani 1188:1197). Adolescence ends with the beginning of adulthood but the later stage is vague and not definite to mark its onset. Adolescence to adulthood signifies life transition. Traditional societies have rites of passage which helped the individuals evolve through stages. In spite of this, contemporary societies lack ...

Introduction 2

The Discovery of Shang Dynasty Bronze Vessels 3 The Shang Dynasty 4 The Bronze Age 6 Conclusion 7

Works Cited 9

The Beauty of Shang Bronze Vessels Introduction The Chinese culture has been identified as one of the oldest and most complex of its kind to have ever existed on planet Earth. The fact that the Chinese, despite intermingling with other cultures throughout history, have maintained a unique writing style provides an insight into this complexity. However, the Chinese are also famed for their culture, which is unique in many ways. One of the cultural practices that the Chinese have maintained over ...

The most beautiful and fascinating artistic aspect of the Chinese ritual objects was the use of bronze. In ancient times, vessels were made to be used for drinks and foods and came in different forms. Some of the containers had accents of rounded and molded handles which rest on well-created bases. Bronze vessels have a well-designed covering which depicts mythical images of mostly animals (Chang, p. 529). Since the beginning of the millennia, they left these vessels with shades of green. There was an addition of hues that helped in bringing a visual display of the art. In the ...

Introduction

The Minoan Civilization was the forerunner of the ancient Greek culture which emerged from the island of Crete. The island of Crete was isolated from the rest of the Greek mainland by the Sea of Crete to the north and by the Mediterranean Sea to the west. The island with its mountainous rugged terrain and white sand coastal areas proved to be a great spot for international affairs and trade routes especially for the European, Africa, and Asia Minor merchants. Because of its isolated landscape, many scholars have proposed the existence of cultural interactions between Cretan civilization and those ...

Recommendation

Increasingly complex international business environment makes organization provoke vigorous debates on the role of human resource management and development of the sustainable competitive advantage through human capital and intangible resources. Watkins (2013) that while there is a universal agreement on the fact that concept of organizational culture is known and it plays the crucial role in shaping organizational strategies and behaviors, there is little agreement on what this organizational culture actually is and what it encompasses. Schein (2010) defines organizational culture as a set of values and rituals, which serve as a way to collectively, build a description of ...

The differences between the Christianity and Judaism lie in the differences of understanding, evaluation and apprehension of the Old Testament and the New Testament. To understand what happens then, we must first take into account the fact that, originally, the nascent Christian movement is fully Jewish. Jesus himself is Jewish. His disciples were Jewish. And all the great figures of the first Christian generation, Jacques, Peter, and Paul, to name a few, are Jews. Thus, the Christian movement was born and began to grow within Judaism. However, that Judaism was soon through a terrible crisis, caused by the destruction ...

One of the most important aspects of being an accurate health care provider is to ascertain the difference between the cultures of your patients in order to ensure that you are providing care that is sensitive to their cultural needs. The reason that this is so important is that the patients have to be able to trust in the healthcare that they are receiving. Particularly, when a healthcare professional is affronted with such a sensitive subject such as life or death, there has to be a cultural awareness and a cultural awareness in relation to what the patient’s ...

The Professor’s Name

Buddhism and Hinduism are 2 of the 5 religions that are most popular in the current world. Both of these religions are widely practiced and have deep roots in history. In the rating of the most popular religions, Hinduism follows Christianity and Islam and takes the 3rd place (Nandan, G. B. and Jangubhai, N. A. M., 2013). The first written documents that contain the principles of Hinduism are called Vedas. They were copied on paper in 1000 B.C., but it is evident that they appeared long before that time in an oral form. Both Buddhism and Hinduism appeared in ...

Augustine

Question 1 There are a number of different ways in which people can become faithful. There are arguments in two different ways. In some cases, Christians can become faithful as a result of their parents, through faith inculcation. In this case, the faithfuls are socialized into following the rituals in their environment, and this can translate into real faith as they become more aware of the reason behind these rituals and practices. It is passed on from individuals who have faith to those that do not and is one way of creating an environment in which faith can develop ...

The basis of faith in the Lutheran tradition is sustained and spread through rituals and ceremonies of worshiping the word of God in the daily life and in church. There are vast manifestations of faith performed through various rituals, and one such ritual is the confirmation ceremony. The confirmation reaffirms individuals’ faith in God and in the Lutheran tradition, from an early age, usually during the adolescence period. The confirmation ritual in the Lutheran tradition gathers the youngsters who will go through the confirmation ceremony, along with regular parishioners, for witnessing their entrance into the community. The young Lutheran ...

The Old Testament discipline studies with its supporting archaeological, philological, literary technicians and historical are composed on the edge of new times which contains both threats and promises. It states that biblical texts were given fair opportunities to talk as a witness to the reality the bible was acknowledged to describe. This text was imperiled to appropriate scrutiny obtained from the textual criticism science, syntax, morphology, criticism form, and lexicography. The advantages obtained from these researchers were not without the significant benefits garnered from external control multitudes. Archaeology was good in the vanguard setting the Old Testament scholars pace ...

Social Influences and Individualism

The early research carried on by Goffman seems to suggest that (removed from a social framework and social context) individuals do not have a genuine ability for self-expression however, later theorists believe there is a link between a desire for authenticity and individualization. The following will carefully examine these theories by looking at the work done by Erving Goffman and Harold Garfinkel, two of the most prominent researchers in this area (Travers, A 1994, 5). An interesting aspect of Garfinkel’s work is that he controversially suggested that sociology simply didn’t exist. He believed that it should be ...

Rituals exist as part of a predetermined behavior for events and societal situations concerning the belief in mystical beings and societal structure. Ritual behavior follows the use of symbols as specific properties of information and meaning. They can be objects, relationships, words, events, and activities. For instance, prayer and churches are part of the Christian ritual. National anthems and loyalty pledges are also symbols to a ritual in support of one’s nation. Therefore, a ritual is a stereotypical sequence of events that involves symbols designed to influence entities and forces on behalf of participants and their interests. While ...

(Tutor’s Name) (Assignment)

1. Explain how tourism can contribute towards socio-cultural conservation Tourists are generally interested, apart from sight-seeing, in exploring the social and cultural peculiarities of the locations they visit. They are interested in the local food habits, dance and cultural forms. In many parts of the world cultural forms have been resurrected and revived mainly for entertaining tourists. Tourists are willing to pay good money to watch dance, rituals and other performing arts which are unique to the town or village that they are visiting and this creates a demand for the local artists who can ...

Overview

Oceanic art and culture pertains to the creative efforts of the natives from Australia and the collection of the Pacific Islands, including Easter Island and Hawaii. With the prominence of male figures and the relevance of male initiation in several Oceanic societies, women seem to be a peripheral part of the culture. But, in reality, women have played a greater role in the Oceanic culture, especially by contributing to art. Historically, the artistic production of women was restricted to forms such as pottery, weaving, and barkcloth. Women were barkcloth makers in Polynesia and potters in New Guinea (Gardner & Kleiner, ...

A Man Called Horse is a movie whose setting is that of the 1820’s America. Its main cast is Lord John Morgan an English Aristocrat who goes hunting in America and is captured by a tribe called the Sioux. Lord John is severely mistreated by the tribe but with time and with the help of a fellow captive, learns the tribe’s language and culture. He begins to appreciate the tribe’s way of life and after winning a fight gains the respect of the people. Lord John starts to develop feelings for the chief’s sister and ...

There is a great connection between literary text and history. Critics who deal with this issue have provided four answers. Firstly, critics argue that literary texts have no time limitations and they are considered to be the universal history. Secondly, literary texts are produced within historical context but due to their literariness they are separate from this context. Thirdly, different literary texts provide people with the opportunity to understand the time in which these texts are fixed. For instance, realist texts are full of imaginative representations of different historical events and moments. Finally, literary texts are connected with different ...

Introduction

Antigone is a dreadful tragedy written around 441 BC by the Sophocles. It was the last of the Theban plays but chronologically written first. The other pieces of Sophocles have attracted more controversy and nothing has inspired people more than Antigone (Lewis, p. 35). It is an outline of achievements of man, modern in its tone deceptively, has impressed many, and most probably, it is said if it is attached with, choral odes would turn to this poem. It was written at a time of a national intensity or fervor. When the play was performed, Sophocles was known to ...

Writings on Hinduism have been remarkably expanded in the past decade by anthropological research which focuses on the real nature of religious practices, including the underlying philosophy, and examines the setting or environment as well as the written literature. Edward Harper, in his article Ritual Pollution as an Integrator of Caste and Religion (1964), vividly showed that the hierarchical relationship of the concepts of 'purity' and 'pollution', which are the foundational elements of caste, is based on a paradigm of society wherein different groups are brought together by the common pursuit of religion or rituals for the gods. The ...

African masks are known all over the world. In a Western culture, the masks are basically used as a part of a house decoration, although, they are of a great importance for the African culture and are considered to be a great national and a cultural value, and they deserve to be studied well. There are no obvious facts about the origin of the masks. Some scholars believe that their history traces back to the Paleolithic era, others claim that the masks “have been used for at least 4,000 years” (csudh.edu). What proves that African masks have such ...

Religious change among the Aztecs

Annotated Bibliography Berdan, Frances, Aztec Archaeology and Ethnohistory, pp. 215-296. NY: Cambridge University Press (2014).

The source tells of the history and religion of the Aztec people.

Burkhart, Louise. “The missionary missionized.” In her The Slippery Earth: Nahua- Christian Moral Dialogue in Sixteenth-Century Mexico, pp. 15-45. Tucson: University of Arizona Press (1989).

This source tells about the implementation of Christianity on Aztec society.

Cervantes, Fernando. “The Indian response.” In his The Devil in the New World, pp. 40- 73. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press (1994) The source reminds one that they should be looking at the paper through an objective lens, rather than proscribing any ideals onto the Aztecs or the Spaniards. Florescano, Enrique, “Transformation of indigenous memory and resurgence of ...

Australian History

1. Give two (2) forms of death for the heroic bushman described in nineteenth century Australian art and culture. The heroic deaths came as a result of starvation and malnutrition as well as dehydration because of exposure to the harsh desert conditions. 2. Give the names of two (2) artists, two prose writers (2) and one (1) poet mentioned in the reading. a)Artists- Frederick McCubbin and S. T. Gill. b) Writers- Marcus Clarke and Henry Lawson c) Poet- Henry Kendall 3. Give two (2) reasons why stories of death in the bush were more popular than the British ...

Question 1

The function of gossip is to build strong bonds between individuals (Wert and Salovey 123). Individuals can share ideas, opinions, and emotions by finding common grounds that unite them. These points of convergence, whether positive or negative, unifies them in long-term friendships or a temporary association. Gossip also facilitates social comparisons that can either build up or tear down an individual. By comparing themselves with others, people gain insights into the validity of their opinions and beliefs, hence the description of gossip as “self-evaluative” (Wert and Salovey 123). Self-evaluation creates an avenue for identifying the shortfalls in one’s ...

In what ways can we say that cannibalism exists in a normative cultural framework?

Cannibalism is the act of eating human flesh. It is also known as anthropophagy in which a person is not bound to eat human flesh but his/her different organs as well. The act was first identified in the tribe of West Indies. The origin of the term ‘Canibales’ is quite controversial as many narratives said that Christopher Columbus mistakenly called them ‘Canibales’ instead of Caribs. Cannibalism was common in different parts of the world. If its say that the concept was more related to the cultural norm or practice, then it is not wrong. In the past, the act ...

“Civil religion” phrase comes from the book “The Social Contract” by Rousseau. In his book, Rousseau’s argument is that overall, civil religion recognizes four broad aspects; firstly, that God exists; secondly, there is life ahead; thirdly, virtue earns reward while vice attracts punishment; and finally the exclusivity concept of intolerance by religion. Central to civil religion in America is sets of collected symbols, beliefs, and rituals regarding sacred things which are collectively institutionalized. The characteristics of civil religion in America include the following; one, God the Almighty is central and Unitarian, focuses on law, order and the rights ...

Religious social movement

A social movement is used to change something about the society. Various religious organizations have pioneered religious movements with a motive of promoting their values and ideas across the community. Religion has over the years been a source of motivation for people and organizations which promote social change. Religious movements help alter the society through influencing legislation, persuading politicians or mobilizing another social group to action against a societal injustice. A religious social movement should have a coordinated action plan to ensure its continuity over time. Secondly, it should have a culture and a set of ideologies that define ...

(Teacher)

The Ancient world was a time when humans were still attempting to figure out how the earth worked, why that natural world worked the way it did, and how to communicate effectively. The ancient world is one way to define that time period before the middle ages after Christianity began to take over most of Europe, North Africa, and parts of China. The ancient world is a time in the history of humanity that is viewed through many different lenses, depending on who is viewing it and for what purpose. Christianity is certainly a pivot point between the ...