Essays on Saline

Q1: Prioritizing patient care will help to complete nurse’s shift duties without any adverse patient complication. Prioritizing will help to plan out the day and in managing the cases in the most effective way (Alfaro-LeFevre 2014). The best path to plan care for the patient with different medical and surgical priorities is to set timed objectives and meet the discharge goals based on the urgency of the medical or surgical condition. The handover from the staff of the previous shift provided the information for 4 patients, of which Lucy’s condition is more of an emergency that will ...

Introduction: All most all metals are unstable when exposed to air. This is because of the tendency of the metal to be converted into its oxidized form on reaction with air. When compared to zinc, iron has a greater tendency to form oxidized form and thus has greater susceptibility to corrosion. The ability of metals to react with air varies and this determines their relative stability. As zinc is much stable when compared to iron, it is used to galvanizing iron pipe, thus preventing contact of iron with air and water that contains dissolved air. Brass is an alloy ...

Introduction and Background

Abortion is a term that is used to define the premature termination of pregnancy. According to James E White, abortion refers to the intentional termination of the pregnancy before its conception (James 82). However, a pregnancy may fail to reach its conception stage due to natural causes. Thus the woman is termed as having a miscarriage. Miscarriages are acts of nature and beyond the human control. Due to advancement in medical technology cases of miscarriages have significantly reduced. Correspondingly, abortion does not necessarily cause the death of the fetus, but detaches it from its life support hence reducing the ...

Abstract

The impact of salt on melting of ice can be described as utilizing atomic progression recreations. The harmony the point of solidification melancholy saw in the recreations is in great concurrence with trial information. The dynamic parts of liquefying are examined as far as the trading of water atoms amongst ice and the fluid stage (Brique, 1967). The ice/fluid harmony is a profoundly dynamic procedure with the incessant trade of water particles amongst ice and the fluid stage. The parity is irritated when ice dissolves and the softening continues in two phases; the restraint of the relationship of water ...

Question 1: reasons why references are used for technical or academic writing

In technical and academic writing, referencing may be applied to ensure that previous information on a certain subject is acknowledged. The writer, in this case, is able to indicate that indeed he or she has researched related literature concerning the topic at hand and provides information on what has been achieved in the topic of concern. Consequently, once the previous literature has been acknowledged, the writer is able to table his or her position based on the previous information thereby providing a basis for the argument or claim they intend to make. Thirdly, referencing is done to ensure that ...

Haitian Desal-A-Nation (A solar powered water distiller)

Background Small-scale desalination is a method that helps to desalinize cases of water scarcity. The salt water that is efficient and profitable. And, it is also life-saving and making the affected people live a healthy lifestyle. Several water desalination projects are in place to include the C- water, MIT solar powered desalination system and the Haitian Desal-A-Nation. Figure 1 : the Haitian Desal-A-Nation [3] This project is aimed at developing a distillation system which works solely on sunlight. The architecture is simple and hence can easily be reproduced for more consumers and additionally, the glass material is strengthened for ...

Introduction

Recently, worldwide obesity prevalence has been raised rapidly and nearly doubled between 1980 and 2014, however in 2014 more than a half a billion of adult (18 years and older) were obese (11% men and 15% women) (WHO, 2014). Obesity and overweight are defined as excess body fat accumulation that leads to health risks and comorbidities. Adult weight can be classified based on the Body Mass Index. Hence, an individual having a BMI equal to or more than 25 is regarded as being overweight, while a person with a BMI equal to or more than 30 is considered obese ( ...

Influence of Temperature and Neurotransmitters on Heart Rate in crayfish

TA for the Experiment: Introduction The cardiovascular system achieves key physiological functions in animals. Particularly, crayfish (Procambarus clarkia), also known as freshwater lobster, have been used to study physiological processes. This is because it is easier to study them in this species than in any other organism. In Crayfish, the circulatory system is open. Blood moves from the heart through the arteries and goes back through the open sinuses. Their heart is located in the cephalotorax, in front of the first abdominal segment, in the dorsal portion. Basic heart rate beat and rhythm in adult crustaceans depends on a ...

Myelomeningocele is a very severe form of spina bifida among fetus. It is a condition where the spinal cord fails, making it a very delicate procedure during surgery of a fetus. This is in the sense that it can impact the nervous system, kidneys, bladder, muscles and bones. The only safe and recommended way of treating myelomeningocele is carrying out a surgery on the fetus after birth (Mitchell, et. al., 2004). During delivery of the fetus, the safest and recommended way of carrying out a cesarean section delivery on a pregnant woman is through open fetal surgery, that involves ...

Initial Patient Assessment

Overview The patient is 67-year-old Mrs. Finch.

She lives with her husband in their marital home.

Recently, she suffered a CVA and had been in the hospital’s rehabilitation ward recovering from her latest episode. Before her CVA, Mrs. Finch had a healthy and active lifestyle.

However, her condition has brought with it numerous other complications including a chest infection.

She is also having difficulty staying mobile due to residual weakness on her left side. She has had a dark wound on her heel for about a week now. This wound keeps deteriorating into the present wound. A series of CVA specific issues such as limited mobility, the risk for infection and reduced nutrition hinders Mrs. Finch’s capacity to heal. Wound ...

Crops are genetically modified for certain desired outcomes such as high yield, pest resistance, drought tolerance, herbicide resistance, for a better nutritional quality, etc. The genes that impart the desired characteristics do not naturally occur in the crop, and are not expressed by natural recombination (World Health Organization [WHO]). They are engineered in the laboratory, and may be obtained from unrelated species too. Genetically modified (GM) crops are thus subjected to much speculation despite the fact that they have several benefits. 1. Pros of GM Crops Bioengineered crops with pest tolerance, reduce dependence on chemical pesticides, and crops engineered ...

Introduction

The following is a critique of both qualitative and quantitative research studies. The qualitative critique covers an article titled “Vulnerability in perioperative patterns: A qualitative study” by Cousley. The article properly presents the listing of factors that cause vulnerability in perioperative patients as well as the use of alternative techniques to ensure qualitative vigor is achieved. The weakness of the article is that it used only ten participants and it relied on a single interviewer.The quantitative critique covers the article “Sore throat in women after intubation with 6.5 or 7.0 mm endotracheal tube: a quantitative study” by Gustavson et ...

List of Figures

Figure 1 Protein concentrations under the four conditions 7 Figure 2 Protein standard curve via Bradford assay at 595 nm 13 Figure 3 Protein standard curve via BCA assay at 490 nm 15

List of Tables

Introduction Proteins are essential for life and we depend on them to interact with cellular molecules in order to live (Pace et al. 2004). Increasing the knowledge about protein solubility is significant for biological studies because increased protein concentrations enhance studies of cellular structures and functions (Golovanov, Hautbergue, Wilson, & Lian, 2004). Accurate protein quantization is also necessary for cellular studies (Johnson, 2012). The environmental conditions of ...

Salt Marsh in Estuaries

Salt Marshes are located near the estuaries where water varies from extremely salty to freshwater. Most estuaries are positioned near river mouths where freshwater of the river meets to the salty seawater. These places face high tidal fluctuations (Dyer). Mangrove forests are the distinct types of plankton found in the region of the intertidal precinct of tropical estuaries. The Mangrove consists of a range of various mangrove trees and plants. Marine flora and fauna of this region present high diversity and abundance. The salt marsh species are dependent on the decay of marsh plants for food and nutrients in ...

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Abstract

Polymerase Chain Reaction is a useful technique for the detection of genes done through the amplification of specific sites. Alu elements are a polymorphic group of elements found in the primate genome amplified by retroposition. The Alu element help in the polymorphism of the populations. The aim of this study was to use the PCR technique to detect the Alu insertion TPA-25 in cells from student population and its relation with genotype frequency, allelic and ability to establish the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Samples were taken from 81 students. Cells were obtained by mouthwash and Polymerase Chain reaction ...

Introduction

Spinal hydatid disease is a rare form of hydatid disease caused by the larval form of Echinococcus granulosus (Baysefer et al., 297). Dogs are primarily the definitive hosts of E. granulosus with man and sheep serving as intermediary hosts. Hence, the disease is prevalent in sheep-rearing communities (Emara & Elhameed, 12). Hydatid disease in man begins with ingestion of ova-contaminated water or food. The egg hatches in the intestines and the larvae migrate into the lungs and liver via the portal venous system. According to Prabhakar et al. (426), osseous hydatid disease is a rare secondary disease with an incidence of 0.5-2%. ...

Introduction

The debate on the safety of Genetically Modified (GM) foods has raged on for close to two decades now. On one hand of the controversy are people who argue that GM foods are safe and suitable in ensuring that the increasing world population gets adequate food in the face of deteriorating climate and unfavorable production factors. On the other hand, there are a significant number of people who allege that GM foods have negative long-term effect on human beings. Those opposed to GMOs have cited failure by researchers to prove safety and attributed the increment in chronic diseases to the ...

1. Introduction

Central venous access devices are small catheters that are placed either directly or indirectly into the superior venacava or right atrium for the following purposes: drug administration, nutrition, dialysis of the kidneys, antibiotic therapy or transplantation of the bone marrows among other reasons. They are often used when the smaller veins are inaccessible or medications or nutrients cannot be administered via the smaller veins. The use of CVAD is often marred by two major problems: occlusion by thrombosis and infection. The patency of the catheter must be maintained. Nurses use normal saline or heparin in order to maintain the ...

Kathyann

Abstract Dental care substances with stannous fluoride as an active ingredient may be helpful in allowing re-hardening or in increasing the resistance of teeth surfaces to further acidic or mechanical impacts. However, stannous fluorides are applied together with brushing and depending on how and when tooth-brushing occurs. This research focuses on the potential harmful and helpful effects associated with the use of stannous concerning erosive wear. Active ingredients like fluorides or agents that have unique anti-erosive properties were shown to offer protection against erosion and combined erosion and abrasion to some extent. The abrasive effects of dentifrices may ...

Abstract

A polymerase chain reaction also known as PCR refers to a technique that is used in the amplification of a DNA fragment making huge numbers of the original fragment. The process uses an enzyme known as DNA polymerase to multiply the DNA fragment. Other components that are necessary for a PCR reaction are the DNA template that is provided by the sample being multiplied, the primers, and nucleotides. The experiment aimed to examine a number of human DNA polymorphisms, the PV92 Alu polymorphism and the mitochondrial control region using human DNA. This was achieved by isolating the mitochondrial DNA from the mouth cells ...

Introduction

Water scarcity is a preventive issue in UAE. The gap between availability and demand leads to a situation called water stress. Water stress is expected to rise to alarmingly high levels owing to demographic factors like population and increased consumption and legal factors like government policies enforced in this direction. Conservation and effective utilization of available water resources is a must to support the current population and the future generations. Desalination provides a non-conventional technique of re-utilizing disposed or water from marine areas for intensive applications like irrigating agricultural fields by removing the salt content. According to the US Geological Survey, water ...

Introduction

The healthcare sector has changed significantly due to the rise of chronic and lifestyle diseases, and better educated clients who demand quality services. To meet these challenges nurses have embraced evidence based care to improve quality by enhancing aspects such as safety and efficacy of interventions. One of the most important aspects of delivering quality nursing care is ensuring that nurses have the necessary skills, knowledge and attitude needed to improve care. Giving nurses these skills, knowledge and attitude is the key goal of the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) program. This essay evaluates the clinical management ...

Introduction

Nebulization is the most effective method for delivering medications to patients suffering from respiratory disease. Nebulizers do not require special inhalation techniques; therefore, hospitals utilize a variety of nebulizer designs for medicinal delivery. One of these devices is called AeroEclipse, which can be operated via one of two different modes. The breath actuation mode generates aerosol only during the patient’s inspiration while the other mode allows for the continuous generation of aerosol particles regardless of the patient’s inspiratory and expiratory efforts. Also, the AeroEclipse has two different patient interfaces: the facemask and the mouthpiece. The hypothesis of this ...

1.0 Introduction Categorically, there are approximations that nearly 30% of the overall globe land area comprises of occupied arid and semi-arid areas. Most importantly, water shortages prevent both economic and social development of the mentioned arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The cited economic and social development gets held back because they significantly rely on continuous water supply resources. Due to the constant and continuous interruption of the aquifers (V.E.A, 2005, p.122), the freshwater challenge gets motivated, because, the mentioned water is increasingly becoming salty. The report, therefore, aims at evaluating the feasibility of providing fresh water ...

Introduction

Human beings have moved to some of the most inhospitable areas of the world. Some of these areas include inhospitable arid regions, often deserts; for instance, Death Valley in the United States is an incredibly arid region, and yet, there are still people who live in this region. One of the larger cities in the American southwest is Las Vegas, Nevada, which is situated entirely within an incredibly dry desert. The Sahara desert, similarly, is extremely dry, and there are many people who live in these areas. Deserts are not particularly hospitable and are extremely difficult places to ...

1.0 Introduction Water is an important component of life and without it life on earth will be non-existent. About ¾ of this planet is made up of water and it is a surprise, therefore, to find out that more than a billion people do not have access to clean water. According to the United Nations, the uneven distribution of water is endangering an increasing number of people although there is enough water in the planet to supply its entire population (2014). This situation is particularly true in areas that are classified as arid regions or regions with precipitation characterized as low, ...

(Course/Major) (Professor/Instructor) (Location/Address)

Carbon Capture Technologies

Introduction Aside from oil, coal is regarded as one of the most important fossil fuel resources being utilized in the global energy mix. However, the use of coal in power generation has resulted in serious air pollution around the world. The use of coal has resulted in the release of almost 14 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, with a majority of these pollutants emanating from power generation activities. Carbon dioxide sequestration technologies seek to address the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere that add to the growing problem of ...

The process of weathering deals with the breaking down of minerals, soils and rocks as well as synthetic materials as a result of contact with the atmosphere, biological entities and water. Weathering is slightly different from erosion, because it does not involve movement. Erosion involves the movement of water, wind, snow or other agents across minerals or rocks. Weathering simply takes place “in situ.” There are two significant types of weathering, chemical and physical. Each can involve a biological component, but the difference is that physical weathering has to do with soils and rocks breaking down as a result of directly contacting ...

J.K has acute kidney failure with Rhabdomyolysis. Acute kidney failure happens when the kidneys are suddenly not able to sift waste products from the blood. This results to accumulation of waste and affects the chemical balance of the blood. Rhabdomylosis is caused by skeletal muscles injury (Grau, Poch, &Bosch, 2009). The injury of the skeletal muscles results to the production of different intracellular muscle ingredients. In this case, J.K had an acute renal failure with Rhabdomyolysis because of cocaine and heroin use. Cocaine and heroin cause damage to myocyte. Damage to the myocyte leads to an entry of sodium ...

1.0 Introduction Malaria has been one of the most devastating diseases in the last several decades with far reaching health and socioeconomic consequences . According to the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) (2010) report on mortality due to infectious diseases malaria ranks 5th as the cause of global mortality, while it is the 2nd cause of death from infectious disease in Africa after HIV/AIDS. The disease affects up to 10% of the world’s population. . An estimated 40- 50% of the world’s population lives in malaria endemic regions and a child dies every second due to the disease . 90% ...

Part I

Part II Purpose In this lab, we are investigating the human impacts on the sustainability of groundwater. Using information from credible and relevant internet sources, we were observing whether ground water will be sustainable given that the current human development does not change.

Introduction

It is known that ground water is a vital resource for the nation. In the world, ground water is far much more than surface water, statistically, 30.1% of all the water I the world is ground water, while surface water accounts for about 0.3%. Out of the 30.1% (ground water), 25 percent is fresh while ...

Introduction

Cosmetic surgery is typically performed to accurate a physical oddity or to improve an otherwise usual physical characteristic and, so, recover a person's look. It's a tremendously wide field that can propose reconstructive surgical procedure for a patient following a destructive burn or additional physical disturbance, yet may also be accustomed to flat out wrinkles, make bigger breasts, or reshape the nose. In the recent past, this was restricted only to the surgery that it was completely essential to the healthiness and happiness of that patient, for example skin-grafting for solemn burns, repairing a busted jaw or nose, reconstructing an extricated eye, or extravagance an ...

One of the most debated and highly controversial topics continuously being discussed in all sectors of society is the issue on the legality of abortion. With the increasing number of cases pertaining to teenage pregnancy throughout the globe and the cases wherein impoverished families abort their children, the international community and the respective governments have raised the alarm in resolving the reduction of abortion. However, the arguments pertaining to allowing abortion and its counterarguments continue to either refute or approve abortion, making the debate continue even up to the present time. With the debates continuing to escalate in the ...

Extended Methamphetamine Self-Administration in Rats Results in a Selective Reduction of Dopamine Transporter Levels in the Prefrontal Cortex and Dorsal Striatum Not Accompanied by Marked Monoaminergic Depletion [Article Summary]

Abstract

The study sought to unravel whether prolonged self administration of methamphetamine interferes with the level of dopamine and serotonin in rats. The rats were place in a lit chamber in which they were allowed to self administer meth. The researchers regulated the duration of the self administration session to achiever long and short access which the main variables in the experiment. The researchers discovered that long and short access to meth result ...

Introduction

Membrane filtration is a technique used to separate a liquid from any particles present in it. In membrane filtration, a liquid is passed through a semi-permeable membrane. The size of the pores on the membrane determines its permeability thereby enabling the membrane to act as a barrier to all particles larger than the pore sizes. Different approaches and systems can be employed in membrane filtration depending on the type and capacity of the liquid being purified but the overall goal is to obtain a clean liquid. Membrane filtration can be used in the treatment of wastewater, filtering milk during its processing among other applications. This ...

ORIGINAL

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains the key technology for more complex cardiac operations. Despite tremendous progress since its introduction into clinical practice, CPB is still far from perfect and hence continuous efforts to study and improve hemocompatibilityof both conduct and components of CPB are crucial. The problem is cardiac surgery in conjunction with cardiopulmonary bypass in its current form restricts the patient to exit the hospital in 5-7 days. We know that conventional standard bypass triggers the release of inflammatory mediator which elongates patient’s length of stay. The Pinnacle System tricks red blood cells, platelets, proteins and inflammatory mediators ...

Introduction:

Thesis: Global warming has had a number of negative effects on the ecosystems around the world. This can be attributed to the changes that it has introduced. The hot seasons become hotter, the cold seasons are colder and when it does rain, it is in torrents. All these radical changes in our weather are leaving behind a trail of destruction, hunger and change in the ecosystem.

Major points:

The effect of climate change on ecosystems can be classified into two. The first is the effect on terrestrial ecosystems while the second is the effect on marine ecosystems. Some of the major points ...

A COMPARISON BETWEEN FRESH WATER WETLAND AND SALINE WETLAND

The Australian landscape has a natural component which is salt. This salt in the landscape gets into the various water bodies and affects their level of salinity which affects the way of life of the various biota inhabiting these places. Around the world and in Australia it is been identified that the salinization of fresh water is a major environmental issue. This concern of the effect of the gradual rise of salinity in water bodies’ biodiversity has resulted in the investigative studies on the lives of the invertebrate family both in the saline water and in the fresh water. There has ...

Pressure ulcer is among the most common causes of long term morbidity in patients with spinal cord injury and the leading cause of hospitalization for such patients. The cost of treatment per patient ranges from $2,000 to over $120,000. Pressure ulcers can lead to other complications like local tissue infection, sepsis or amyloidosis. Hydrotherapy is one of the two specialized treatment modalities recommended for wound healing. The two types of hydrotherapy include whirlpool therapy and pulsatile lavage therapy.

Pulsatile lavage treatment uses a pulsatile pressurized stream of normal saline to provide localized hydrotherapy to pressure ulcers. The treatment ...

Caner care and the complications of chemotherapy have always created concerns in the nursing profession. Arguments have been that these complications are preventable since evidence based research has discovered strategies to limit burns and other adverse effects of the treatment. The following pages of this document present a case study of a patient suffering from chemotherapy complication. A synthesis of evidence based research interventions that have been recommended as prophylactic measures will be advanced as an appropriate nursing care is designed for this patient.

Mr. John was diagnosed with colorectal cancer and agreed to surgery. Adjuvant Chemotherapy was prescribed after surgery ...

A sea is a large water body that has saline water. In most cases, seas are connected to the oceans. Seas are sometimes referred to as large water lakes with saline water. Seas usually have no outlets and this is why they have saline water. The sea is important to many organisms both plants and animals. There are some plants that are able to live saline water and these plants can usually be found in many seas. Many animals such as fish, snakes and lobsters are usually found in seas. However, plants and animals live in different depths of the ...

Summary & Data Analysis

In the first part of this assignment it is important to make a summary of the kind of soils that are present in this area, the steps of soil development that have given rise to these soils, and some of the factors that have led to the kind of soil formation processes that are evident in this Area of Study [AOS]. The area that is under study is about 1144.5 acres. Historically, this area has had various constructions like homesteads for the Native Americans, who inhabited the land prior to their conquering by the colonial power. The area also has ...

The Immorality of Abortion

Since the Supreme Court overturned section 287 of the Criminal Code in 1988, making abortion legal with few restrictions, abortion has remained a hot topic for lawmakers and the public (Duhaime ¶ 12-13). There are two groups of people on opposing sides concerning abortion, and both possess strong feelings about the issue. On one side, people who support abortion believe that it is a woman’s right to choose what happens to her body. On the other side, people opposing abortion often believe that the procedure ends the life of a human being who has a right to life. The murder of a human being is ...

When one talks about teenage pregnancy, there is a possibility that abortion would enter the discussion. With many teenagers slowly getting pregnant in a young age, many young couples opt to undertake abortion to get away from the responsibilities attached in being a young parent. Arguments have already dominated various discussion forums and mediums in allowing young couples to abort their babies legally. Many groups have vehemently argued against the legalization of Abortion as this is against the moral teachings of the Church, and it would also affect the young mother in the long run. Others believe legalization would reduce the number ...

The authors sought to determine if commercially available plastic resin bottles and products, which are advertised as bisphenol a free, actually release chemicals that possess estrogenic activity. The researchers quantified the amount of chemicals, with estrogenic activity, which were leached into saline or ethanol extracts, released by many commercially available plastics. The researchers concluded that many plastics were wrongly characterized as not having estrogenic activity because they were extracted only with one solvent. These materials, the researchers also pointed out, were not exposed to any form of common-use stress. The authors also announced that they can identify existing compounds, ...

A journey through Corpus Christi, Texas is a journey through the “Sparkling city by the sea.” Thus, in its very nickname, the magical essence of this place is more than obvious. A walk through the Texas Gulf Coast is a walk through the granular, cream-colored surface of the beach lies carelessly as far as the eye can see, merging with the marine infinity. Nowhere in the world is the sand more pleasant to bare feet, protruding through the fingers with a pleasant prickling sensation, or water gentler on touching a human body, or the wind more melodious and more filled with the saline ...

Abstract

Dexmedetomidine is a centrally acting α-2 receptor agonist that is used as anaesthesia during surgical procedures. It has several properties that make it suitable for use during monitored anaesthesia care (MAC). DEX has analgesic properties thus there is considerably reduced opioids requirements both before and after surgery (Candiotti, et al., 2010). Tachychardia and hypertension are mitigated by the symphatholytic effect of DEX. It has also been known to be friendly to respiratory system as it does not depress the respiratory system during its use. These properties make it suitable for MAC during orthopedic, ophthalmic, plastic surgery, dental and diagnostic procedures. ...

Introduction

Cardiovascular physiology involves the study of the circulatory system. It addresses more specifically the physiology of the heart and blood vessels hence the name cardio and vascular. Rabbits are generally nervous and non-aggressive and sociable with each other. In this laboratory, the primary experimental variables were the heart rate and arterial blood pressure. The main goal of this laboratory was to investigate the effects of different hormones on the rabbit’s blood pressure and heart rate by means of intravenous injections, nerve stimulation and respiratory alterations. We hypothesized that the catecholamines would increase the heart rate and blood pressure ...