Essays on Smog

In the South China Morning Post's article called “Dumping of untreated acid in Chinese canal highlights nation's water pollution woes,” we read that a Jiangsu chemical plant was recently charged with the fine of 20 million yuan ($2.88 million) for the violation of dumping nearly 2,700 tons of liquid acid waste into the Grand Canal. The reason for this fine is due to the immeasurable level of environmental damage that this caused. The fine attests to the drastic importance of respecting the earth and its bodies of waters, understanding that it is all maintained by a delicate natural ...

Describe air quality conditions in the US before steep regulations were imposed.

The United States has experienced the worst air quality conditions during the 1940s and 1950s as an effect of the progressing industrialization and urbanization. Another main reason is that the United States has no national regulation and policy towards hazardous gas emission and air pollution during these periods of time. During the 1940s and 1950s, the United States have experienced deadly photochemical smog on major cities including Los Angeles and Donora(Williams, 2013). In addition, the ozone levels in the lower layers of the atmosphere exceed its limit and become dangerous to people as well as the environment. During ...

The article is about comparing the pollution caused by cars in the 1970’s to the pollution that existed in the United States prior to the automobile. The focus of the article is the pollution caused by the waste of horses. Horses were the cause of a number of pollution related issues in the past. The gases that they released along with the fecal matter they left behind not only resulted in foul odors, but were harmful to the environment and people’s health. There was also the issue of noise, which subsequently increased to horrifying levels in cities ...

Introduction

This essay will provide a plan for any manager anticipating increasing prices, analyze the primary impacts of the government on employment and production, examine the fairness of state policies, address the principal complications related to capital projects and offer a recommendation of how managers and stockholders can agree despite their interest.

Plan for managers

Virtually every food outlet from fast food stores to large cafes and schools’ cafeteria are offering low-calorie foods. A business desires to maintain the price of its commodities as perfect inelastic under all circumstances. Hence, the pricing strategies should not affect how customers view or purchase the specific ...

Introduction

Air pollution is defined as the introduction of biological molecules, particulates, and other harmful substances into the air in sufficient quantities such that they cause damage to the health of living organisms including human beings, plants, and animals and may sometimes cause death. These pollutants may also cause harm to property resulting in corrosion of buildings and causing them to crumble or destroy the environment by introducing foul odors and reducing visibility. Two different types of air pollution exist: natural or artificial, depending on the causative factors. Air pollutants are also classified into primary and secondary sources. Primary sources ...

Initially, many people thought that the growth of the economy and industry is the crucial matter in the market. The perception has changed because most people now believe that the environment is the main imperative issue that people should put into consideration. Within diverse centuries, the consideration of people on the environmental subject or development problem has always changed (Peet 23). Is it because the environment problem affects the development issue or the development influence the environment problem? The establishment of the accurate notion of development and the connected development sculpt is central in economical creation. In the past ...

Abstract

The environmental issues have grown to be extremely urgent in Beijing, as the levels of air pollution are high, while the government works to implement the policies to combat the problem. The current situation with smog and high air quality indexes are the results of the decades of industrialization and urbanization and are directly dependent on the city’s demographics, geography and peculiarities of development. Air pollution in Beijing may have serious effects on the population and environment, as it can drastically affect health, increase morbidity and mortality rates and have social and economic implications for the future of ...

Air quality is affected to a large extent by growing population and vehicular traffic. Vehicular emissions contribute to global warming, and lead to serious human health impacts such as respiratory disorders, Asthma, heart disease, cancer etc. Personally I have experienced the effects of deteriorating air quality in my neighborhood, which is beside busy roads with heavy traffic. Vehicle exhaust usually contains green houses gases such as CO2, NOx, SO2, and pollutants that pose high health risk such as ozone, particulate matter, 1,3 butadiene and formaldehyde (EHHI, 10). Ozone is formed when nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds emitted ...

Introduction

Environmental Effects Many have wondered what will happen when all of the tress in the world are gone. At the rate of deforestation generations soon to come will suffer the consequences of not having any trees due to deforestation today. Throughout this paper many details will be made evident as to who and what is effected by deforestation such as indigenous people as well as environment effects and climate change and what kind of damage is done to many different ecosystems and our planet as a whole but also what we can to do solve these issues. When digging ...

California has been in the headlines for a very long time as the one of the areas with dirty air. Air pollution in California is an environmental concern not just to the residents but also the entire country and the world. Reports indicate that almost more than 95% of the Californians are exposed to and living areas that do not meet the federal requirements for air quality standards. Car emissions are the major contributor to the air pollution in the state. Huffington post reports that the extent of air pollution kills more people in a year than those who ...

The clean air act (1990) recognizes 188 air toxins that can result in cancer and other detrimental health and environmental effects. These toxins emanate from indoor and exterior pollution agents, for example, vehicles, buildings, industrial production, transportation, and indoor household activities. Toxins are concentrated in various proportions and can be tough and expensive to monitor and analyse. In Houston, Texas, federal and state regulatory authorities challenged the Clean Air Act regulators to take action against pollution and order responsible organizations to take action.

Air Pollution Resolved In Local Level

The Mayor of Houston, Bill White commissioned scientific studies of the pollution and its related risks ...

According to the article, China’s air pollution kills about 4000 people a day and the reason quoted is the burning of coal in the country. The main pollutants are tiny particles which are called PM2.5s which are the leading cause of stroke, heart attack, lung cancer, asthma and are responsible for China’s 17% mortality rate as recorded by Berkeley Earth. Richard Muller, the scientific director of Berkeley Earth, reported about his stay in China that when he was visiting Beijing, every hour that he was exposed to the air, he was losing twenty minutes of his lifespan. ...

Air pollution is a national problem. Due to the massive industrial establishments and various chemicals and substances that are used by man in his day to day activities, the air is populated with various chemicals and particulates emitted into the air causing the air pollution. In the US, Long Beach and Los Angeles, are among the most polluted regions. Majority of the industries in this area are dependent on diesel and other fuel powered machines, ships, vehicles, and trains that sustain its day to day operations. The ports of Long Beach is considered as one of the biggest sources ...

Air PollutionThe air, water, noise, water, thermal and other forms of environmental pollution have an adverse impact on the quality of lives. The pollution is majorly as a result of activities carried out by human such as the industrial production of chemicals. In the modern days, motor vehicles are primary sources of pollution. The increased number of cars on the road lead to a rise in environmental pollution. Although they cause noise pollution, the main form of pollution caused by the motor vehicles is air pollution. Motor vehicles are very essential in transportation, and they contribute significantly to the ...

The Great smog of 1952 was a rigorous air pollution which affected the city of London in England during December 1952. According to Kottke Jason, The smog was caused by cold weather that combined with windless conditions and an anticyclone which collected airborne pollutants from coal use that led to the formation of the smog with a thick layer. It endured from 5th Friday to 9th Tuesday in the year of 1952 and later dispersed immediately after the change of weather. This paper explores the cause of the smog, its effects, and the actions taken by the government as well as ...

What is the chemical formula for ozone gas?

Ozone is present in the troposphere, a part of the atmosphere. Ozone consist of 3 molecules of Oxygen. The chemical formula for ozone is O3. Ozone is also called as tri-oxygen since it consists of 3 molecules of oxygen bound to each other by covalent bonds. The structure and formula of ozone were identified in the year 1865. However, it is less stable than Oxygen and blue in color.

How does ozone form in the stratosphere?

Ozone is found in both, the stratosphere and the troposphere. The formation of ozone in both these layers is distinct. Stratospheric ozone is formed in two simple steps. Initial step involves ...

- Meaning of AQI and the Levels of Air Quality

- AQI is an indexing figure that reports the quality of air on a daily basis. AQI is able to tell the extent to which air is polluted and how such pollution can be hazardous to human body and the ecological life in general. There are six levels of air quality. These levels of air quality are shown the table below:

- The Meaning of BADOzone and its Riskiness in Children

- BADOzone is that region of the atmosphere that is in contact with the atmosphere thus ...

Several human activities influence the earth unfavorably. A stone crusher includes a great deal of suspended particulate matter and clamor into the air. Vehicles radiate from their tail funnels oxides of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and a complex combination of burnt hydrocarbons and dark residue which pollute the environment. Local sewage and run off from farming fields, weighed down with fertilizers and pesticides contaminate water bodies. Effluents from tanneries contain numerous unsafe chemicals that transmit foul smell. These are just a couple of cases which demonstrate how human activities cause environmental pollution. Pollution may be characterized as expansion of ...

Introduction

In Los Angeles, the major environmental problem for all citizens these days is air pollution which is the presence of mixture of gases as well as numerous solid particles into the environment. This has become a major concern because air pollution contributes to a dramatic change in the climate causing cardiovascular diseases and deaths thereby affecting the well-being of all living things in Los Angeles. Therefore, this paper is written to present strategies using which positive environment behavior could be easily promoted on a general level for combating the air pollution. Additionally, one of the technological advancement is also discussed from positive ...

Abstract

This is why the number of these vehicles has been growing because many cities in the world depend on private cars. There are many reasons why cars have become important in today’s cities. For example, many people can buy cars, and cars are more comfortable and reliable than public transport. However, cars have very bad effects. They result in traffic jams, accidents, pollute air and cause climate change. This paper says that it is possible to end the dependence on cars by making public transportation safe, cheap, clean and reliable. Cities should also have roads for people who ...

Introduction

Air pollution in Britain can be dated as far back as the 12 century. According to history, the root of air pollution in this era was the continuous use of coal as a means of fire for cooking or heating by the early people. Because of the over use of domestic fire, smoke mixed with other pollutants caused major pollution on a local level which then after a period became more than a local problem but instead a national problem. As Great Britain grew, and urban setting started cropping up so did air pollution. Most urban settings at the time still used firewood as ...

Coordinator Name: Thomas Lyons

Abstract This paper examines the air pollution problem in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Heavy pollution in the city has become a concern because of the increasing cases of health problems. Many babies are being born with defects in vital organs, pregnant women are miscarrying and the level of respiratory disease cases has risen. Although burning of coal in homes, during winter, causes pollution other sources of pollution contribute as well. The high altitude and the mountains surrounding Ulaanbaatar worsen pollution in the city. In winter, the Siberian anticyclone causes the city to have temperature inversion and high pressure, which do not ...

The Impact of the Industrial Revolution in England

History has always shown that man had continuously struggled to foster development for the improvement of life and progress. This struggle had managed to trigger changes and events that led to the Industrial Revolution or the Age of Industrialization. The revolution had established Europe as a dominant industrial region and bolstered its economy, allowing its population to grow and prosper. In England, industrialization brought significant social changes that had transformed England to the mighty European hegemony it was known for and a society fit for further industrialization. Industrialization physically transformed England’s lands and waterways to become fit for commercialization and ...

Introduction

China’s air pollution crisis is currently a topic of concern at national and international based. It is indicated that the growing stages of pollution, more than 24 times the WHO-suggested limits, make long and short-term health threats containing of high sterility rates, and make threats to both the internal city areas and external neighboring state’s solidity. Growing fears on the impacts of pollution grows a new query: will China’s air crisis directed to more enclosed cities.

Discussion

Nowadays pollution arises from day to day. Air pollution is very awful for our well-being so illnesses increase gradually. In the past, ...

AIR POLLUTION

Public Policy Issue: Air Pollution Since ancient times, man has struggled to find clever ideas to make life easier for the sake of progress. The struggle proved fruitful, leading to the advent of the Industrial Revolution in the 17th century and the establishment of industrialized capitals that continue to grow across the globe. Man’s continuous struggle for development is not without consequence. Populations themselves continue to grow, most notably near industrialized areas and highly urbanized areas. In the highly urbanized areas, it is affected by pollutants caused by the by-products of industrialization (outdoor air pollution) and consumer ...

Environmental Factors Assessment

1. Current Status of Chinese Environmental Programs All environmental programs are managed by the Chinese government in some capacity. The Committee on Energy Futures and Air Pollution in Urban China oversees the state and policies of air pollution in Chinese urban environments (Committee on Energy Futures et al., 2007). In recent years, it has taken more direct action as China’s pollution problems have become increasingly visible in global media. However, although the government has made progress such as instilling a program to decrease smog by only allowing cars with even or odd numbered plates to drive in the ...

The globe is facing a severe environmental crisis of its kind in this 21st century. The major environmental hazard that has shaken the world at the moment is air pollution. All over the world, everybody thinks that this crisis is most likely to affect or have a catastrophic impact on humans in the future. However, even nowadays, the negative impacts of this environmental crisis are evident in all forms. These impacts range from growing deserts due to lack of enough rainfall, increased cases of cancer, majorly lung cancer as a result of unclean fresh air and lastly the loss of numerous plant ...

Introduction and Background Information

Climate change occurs as one of the topics that have generated immense debate across various settings all over the globe. This can be accredited to the threats that climate changeposes on the environment and health of the populations. The most worrying concern with regards to climate change is the fact that a significant proportion of the populations are not aware of the detrimental effects that climate changes poses to them. While much has been hypothesized regarding the implications of climate change, it is of the essence to note that the effects posed by climate change are dependent on a wider array ...

Chinese Economic Expansion and Increased Air Pollution

In recent years, China has been experiencing unprecedented economic growth. Chinese prosperity has had negative side-effects, including extreme environmental pollution (Wong, 2014). What researchers call “ambient particulate matter pollution” was the fourth-leading risk factor for deaths in China, contributing to 1.2 million deaths in 2010. Construction, industrial waste and greenhouse gasses are the major contributors to an epidemic that is creating a public outcry for government intervention. The Chinese government and other stakeholders have asserted that air pollution is decreasing and that the main culprits are not large industrial corporations. They point to strict regulations that they claim have been ...

It is important so as to analyze the best technique that should be used to provide maximum profit to the company in terms of human resource management. Having talked about general human resource management in the previous section, it is now time to look at managing communication as a resource to the organization to ensure the company benefits from its information resource and what it can acquire from outside. This section is dedicated to tips and ways of managing communication through information flow from one level to another including to and from the organization.

Managing communications

In any organization, communication is an ...

Introduction

This term paper explores the issue of weather affecting pollution in major cities. In a major city, where there can be a higher proportion of pollution sources in a relatively small geographical area, the effects are likely to be more distinct and concentrated. Whilst there are several causes of air pollution, it is known that the air quality at any given time can be affected by the prevailing weather conditions. For example, strong winds can rapidly transport pollutants released into the air great distances from the originating source. Conversely, in conditions when there is very light wind or in still air, the ...

Eastern States Press Midwest to Improve Air

The December 9, 2013 news article in the New York Times namely “Eastern States Press Midwest to Improve Air” states that the governors of eight Northeastern states in the a against the Midwest over the polluted air from the coal plants have planned to lobby the environmental protection agency to enforce more tight air pollution rules on nine Appalachian and Rust belt states. According to Davenport, these east coast states have been for over 15 years subjected to tighter air pollution regulations than any other state in the U.S. The governors have since criticized the Rust belt and Appalachian states ...

Introduction

Pollutant gases tend to have an impact on both health and environment. Many nations rely on oil for energy use and advancement, hence imports every last bit of its oil and gas needs. Unfortunately, this has brought about dangerous effects upon the environment such as affecting the ozone, causes global warming, acid rain and smog. This may come about when fossil fuels are burnt to form these gases. The formation of toxic gases and their harmful impacts on human health and environment as well as biological effects by thermal pollution that is equivalent to the burning processes are being ...

Last October 21, 2013, the North China city of Harbin was covered with thick, choking smog. Harbin is an industrial city with a population of approximately 10 million people. Chinese officials said that the fine particulate matter of PM 2.5 was over 500 micrograms per cubic meter in most of the city and even reached as much as 1,000 in some downtown locations. According to the World Health Organization, a reading of over 300 is already hazardous to one’s health . The thick smog resulted in the closure on Monday and Tuesday, of 2,000 schools in the kindergarten, ...

Introduction

This study is going to take place in the American state of California. California comprises of fifty eight counties sprawling along the eastern coastline. Covering such a huge geographical location, California does boast of unparalleled diversity in all fronts. Its topography, geography, and climate are diverse, covering coastal zones, plateaus, mountains, valleys, and deserts. It has temperate temperatures along the coast and increasingly high temperatures inlands. This distinctive ecological setting supports a rich variety animals and birds with a number of them being classified as threatened or endangered species. It also enjoys a vibrant economy owing to its vast resources and its attraction ...

Introduction

Air food and shelter are the three basic necessities of life where air is the most essential elements for a human body to live and survive. Air is nothing but a mixture of oxygen, vapors, inert gases, and nitrogen which make up to 99.9 percent of it. In turn, human releases carbon dioxide which can be harmful for all the living creatures that are plants, animals and human being . There are numerous kinds of pollution. Its causes and effects have been largely discussed in many platforms. Some of the effects that are well known are development of holes in ozone layer, ...

Air pollution results from the introduction of foreign particles in the earth’s atmosphere. It denotes the presence of chemicals, biological substances or other foreign particles in the atmosphere that cause discomfort, damage, death, infections or diseases to both flora and fauna. It is vital to note from the onset that the earth atmosphere is crucial to the existence of all living organisms on earth. It is made from a mixture of diverse and dynamic gaseous system that are essential to life systems. However, air pollution and emission of greenhouses gases has become a real threat to the atmosphere and thus a ...

- Complete and insert this form as the first page of EACH electronic assignment. - Submit the assignment with attached coversheet. - Make sure you keep a copy of the assignment.

Assignment details

All forms of plagiarism, cheating and unauthorised collusion are regarded seriously by the University and could result in penalties including failure in the unit and possible exclusion from the University. If in doubt, please contact the Unit Coordinator. Please double click on all the check boxes. Except where I have indicated, the work I am submitting in this assignment is my own work and has not ...

Introduction

Traffic! A word which has effectively been in the public domain for more than few decades in the overview that seeks to highlight the various frustrating epitomes that individuals does encounter in the diverse means of transport. Relatively the United States of America is a fast world nation, which consequently depends on the diverse means of transport in the context that tries to make it efficient to help deliver the various aspects of enhancing the economic development. The nation is served by the various wide developed road terminus which efficiently brings out the efficacies of the daily 24 hours ...

1. There seem to be three principal ways in which we can think about European cities. Briefly identify each of these and then provide an account of their strengths and possible weaknesses.

Three basic principles in which European cities can be considered are: civilization, urban system and idea of historical period.

Roman cities were left more impressive architecturally from the Greek, because of the fact that the Roman Republic lasted longer and was more intense than Greece. Ancient Rome had its own gods, and religion, but many more are believed to military and politics. They paid attention to history, science and philosophy of history. They believed that those who know the history, he cannot make the same mistake, ...

Introduction.

Atmospheric pollution can be described as the process to which chemicals, biological material or particulate matter, that are harmful to humans and other living organisms, are introduced into the atmosphere (Jacobson, 2002). Man is considered as the prime polluter of the earth’s atmosphere from his daily activities that involve release of hazardous gas into the atmosphere (Cheremisinoff, 2002). The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers the following six pollutants as principle contributors to atmospheric pollution: Carbon Monoxide, Lead, Sulfur Oxides, Ozone, Nitrogen Dioxide, and Particulate Matter like Sulfates, Nitrates and carbon based molecules (Vallero, 2008).

Indoor air pollution and environmental impacts.

Many energy consumers focus ...

Air pollution

Introduction Air pollution can be defined as the introduction of particulate matter, chemicals or biological materials into the atmosphere that cause diseases, discomfort or even death to human beings and also cause damage to the other living organism like the food crops and the microorganisms. The atmosphere is a composite and dynamic gaseous system which is very crucial in supporting life on the Earth planet. The stratospheric depletion of the ozone layer that is caused by air pollution has been classified as a threat to the health of human beings and the ecosystems of Earth. According to the report on ...

Since prehistoric times our tools for manufacturing have become a lot more sophisticated. In the same way, since the beginning of the Industrial Age the world’s technologies have been continually improving. Hundreds of different entrepreneurs and companies have invented their own models of high- tech products such as smart phones, durable vehicles and computers. Consumers enjoy and buy these products. Companies compete to develop new models as fast as they can. However there is a downside to all the new technology. When factories do not take measures to protect the environment, the waste products produced by manufacturing have a very bad ...

Gasoline and Diesel are both derived from petroleum. This is done by heating petroleum so that different components boil at different temperatures. The other products of importance obtained from this process are propane, bitumen, kerosene, etc.

Gasoline is made up of various constituent compounds. The chief constituent is Isooctane (IUPAC name: 2,2,4 – trimethylpentane). Its chemical formula is C8H18 and undergoes combustion according to the following equation.

Gasoline is very volatile liquid (more volatile than diesel). It is very stable. It can be stored indefinitely under proper conditions (Reduced air exposure, cool temperatures, etc.). It has a relative density ...