Essays on Social Organization

General Aspects of Indonesian Culture

Indonesia is an Asian country that comprises over 17,000 islands and with a population of around 256 million people. The country’s population implies diversity in the ethnic, cultural, linguistic, and religious domains. Being an island means that Indonesia is basically multi-ethnic with small groups occupying geographic enclaves. Indonesia comprises over six hundred ethnic groups grouped into 31 broad categories based on the 2010 census publication with the majority being the Javanese (40.2%) followed by Sundanese (15.5%) and Bataks (3.6%) (Utomo and McDonald, 2014, p.7). Indonesians speak various languages and observe varying customs and religious beliefs, however, there ...

Definition of the word “culture”.

Say two twins were brought up in different cultural setups: if either of the twins revisited the other, members of the society visited would be able to tell this to be a different person. This is only possible because of the knowledge on culture. The fundamental factor responsible for the existence of culture is that human beings are social creatures. Social scientists, for instance, believe that the social organization of human populations into societies that are governed by norms or unspoken rules is the major distinguishing factor between people and other animals. Human beings can communicate ideas, emotions, preferences, ...

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the traditional institution of trade and economics among the Trobriand Islanders. The primary focus is on the symbolic interpretation of the acts involved in the kula ring and in yam production, display and distribution. The first section of the paper explains the kula ring and how it operated in Trobriand society at the time of the first ethnographic description of the Trobrianders by Malinowski in 1914. The second section examines how social hierarchy is expressed in trade within the kula ring. The third section looks at the difference between symbolic gift ...

Painting and art have been part of the Chinese culture for centuries, and the type of art the Chinese civilizations engaged in distinguish them from vast western arts. In this regards, major artists have attributed the Chinese art as having a unique essence, compared to the aesthetic art embraced by western cultures. Therefore, different authors have bid to explain the uniqueness of the Chinese painting and art, but in doing so, they have also had different methodologies and approaches of attaining a similar goal. For instance, Wen and Kathlyn, both wrote about Chinese art and painting, but their methodologies ...

Conservation of the environment is essential to the maintenance of a self-sustainable growth. Specifically, upholding nature’s stability is an important initiative that can foster the development of proper social organizations within communities. With this in mind, it is worth acknowledging the fact that environmental problems caused by human activities pose a significant threat to the survival of plants and animals. Precisely, these activities foster environmental degradation, which has a long-term negative impact on the sustainability of the globe. According to the Journal of Environmental Psychology, human beings are the primary cause of nature’s deterioration due to their ...

Introduction

In the contemporary society approximately every second individual is working in the particular business entity or is hired by the individual. In fact, the significant portion of the employees do not have the proper working conditions, security, environment. Moreover, more than one billion of the people earn up to one dollar per day in order to survive in this complex world. In this regard, the economical development of the world is continuing while the limited amount of the people may enjoy completely the effects of the spread of this process. Given the injustice in the allocation of the available ...