Essays on Squared

Question #1

The coefficient of determination (R-squared) shows the proportion of variance in the dependent variable, which is explained by the independent variable. Let’s say, the independent variable is the amount of money invested by a population of investors and the dependent variable is their profits received. Assume, the R-squared between the variables is 0.8567. This means that approximately 85.67% of the variance of profit received is explained by the amount of invested money.

Question #2

This phrase means that if the coefficient of correlation shows a strong relationship between the variables, it not always mean that there is a real causal ...

Introduction

This term paper is completed to show the understanding of the statistics and to demonstrate the application of probability theory to a real world problem. The aim of this research project is to pick a data set that most closely ties my chosen field and perform statistical procedures such as descriptive statistics and statistical inference using the selected data. Since my field lies in the area of sales, real estate and business administration, I selected the Goodyear Arizona Real Estate Sales Data. The main research question I will investigate in this paper is: what are the factors that have ...

About the paper

The paper is commissioned to delineate the linear and log-linear multiple regression model where the dependent variable, earnings per hour, will be regressed against two independent variables, education and experience. As part of this analysis, we will cite multiple journal articles, books and other related sources to learn more about the regression analysis and how the statisticians perform the data analysis these days. Both the regression models, i.e. linear and log-linear multiple regression will be performed in excel and the output will be attached in the appendix section of the paper. In addition, we will also test the significance ...

B. OBJECTIVE

C. METHODOLOGY Over a period of time of four week study three generations of flies starting with a parental (P) generation that has already separate the flies in each generation of each cross into males and females and separate the flies according to their mutations. Based on the observed numbers of each phenotype in each generation of each cross hypothesize the parental cross and use the chi-square (x2) test and if there is little difference between the observed results and the expected results, the chi-square will have a low value, thus, the hypothesis will be supported in this case. ...

Question 1

In hierarchical multiple regression, variables are added into the model in different blocks. In this case, the dependent variable is the memory function in elderly people. The research is aimed at finding the nature of the association between memory function and social contact. Two blocks will be used in this regression analysis. Social contact is the primary independent variable hence block 1 will include social contact and memory function among healthy elderly people. The two variables will be regressed to obtain a model. After regression, the R-Squared of the model is checked to determine the changes in Y (memory ...

Chi-square

The chi-square test is used to compare the theoretical and observed frequencies. The chi-square distribution is not symmetrical, as normal or t-distribution. The mean and standard deviation can be calculated for the normal, t-, and Poisson distribution. However, there is no need for these parameters in chi-square distribution. The significance levels are applied the same way as in other distributions. However, for chi-squared tests only one-tailed tests are applicable. Therefore, the calculated value is compared to the critical value for the right tail of the chi-distribution. The normal and t-distributions are applied only to numeric data, whereas the chi-squared ...

In this paper, the importance and the application of probability and statistics tools to a real world problem will be considered. My goal is to investigate if the hours that students studied and the grade they earned on a test are related factors. The sample provided contains the data of 30 students. Their hours of study and exam scores are recorded and given in the spreadsheet. In order to determine the strength of the association, I will use Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The correlation reflects the statistical association between random variables. If the variables are related, a change in ...

Final Case Study Project

Introduction In this paper, we will describe and discuss the application of statistics and probability theory to a real-world problem. Our task is to study the impacts of a variety of factors influencing house prices in Prescott, Arizona. As it was mentioned in the previous studies, there are five lakes in the Prescott metropolitan area that provide a number of benefits to those who live or spent their holidays in this area. These benefits include scenic beauty, recreational opportunity, clear water, fresh air and so on and so forth. It is assumed that the property prices should depend on ...

Abstract

Shopping is one of the most important parts in our daily life. We, as consumers, shop almost every day, whether it is a quick stop to the seven-eleven down the corner, or a family shopping in a large store like Wal-Mart at the weekend. From our perspective, when we plan to shop, all we want to consider is what we are getting and how much those items cost. On the other hand, as the suppliers in the shopping chain, the owners or investors of the stores have much more to consider when, where or even which kind of store ...

Executive Summary

This paper assesses the determinants of earnings among workers in mid-Atlantic. The study uses a sample of 3,000 workers. The data for the study was collected between 2003 and 2009. The average age of the participants was 42.41 years. All the study participants were male. The study participants had diverse demographic profiles in terms of race, educational background, and marital status. A preliminary analysis was conducted to identify factors that show some relationship with wages among the variables in the dataset. A preliminary analysis revealed that wages appear to be influenced by age, educational attainment, and race. A ...

Academic performance is influenced by many factors such as the number of hours attending lecture, doing homework, working and so on. However, in the age of modern life, technology is believed to have certain impact on student learning. Some researches propose that technology can help to improve academic performance . However, the question is that does technology has the same effect on academic performance of female and male students. The purpose of this study is to investigate how technology affect academic performance between male and female students? In this paper, 2x2 design model is applied. It means independent variables not ...

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the bruising of the brain due to an impact received on the head. The brain injury can be termed as primary if its caused directly by the impact blow or secondary if its caused by reaction processes such as swelling due to inflammation. Common types TBI include hematomas, contusions, diffuse axonal injury (DAI), concussion, and coup/contrecoup lesions. The type of injuries are characterized by symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, amnesia, loss of consciousness, going into a vegetative state or a coma or death in extreme cases. There is no clearly defined body of knowledge ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that is associated with serious kind of traumatic events and can result in the development of suicidal thoughts. The problem of PTSD can develop in any person, but veterans have more chances of getting this disorder. Moreover, veterans may require more effective ways of treating the disorder as cognitive behavioral therapy, Prolonged Exposure, and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction are unable to give required results. Therefore, spiritual and religious ways of living a life are considered for treating the patients of PTSD, who have developed the problem as a ...

Overconsumption of alcohol has a far-reaching adverse effect on the person and the larger society on various socio-economics aspects that have been the subject of debate and academic discourse for decades. One of the areas that alcohol has an impact is the work life of the alcoholic. This study seeks to assess the impact of alcohol consumption on labor outcomes. MacDonald and Shields study the effects of alcohol consumption on wages and occupational attainment in England. They use a pooled sample from England Health survey for 1994, 1995 and 1996. They use an OLS regression to model wages and ...

Introduction

In this assignment, we will discuss and describe the application of statistics and probability theory to a real world problem. Our task is to evaluate and summarize the performance of a given stock (y). This report consists of the four parts. The first part is descriptive statistics of the given data between the two time periods and between the given stock and the Standard & Poor’s 500 index. Next, a hypothesis test will be performed in order to examine the performance of stock (y). The third part of the report includes Capital Asset Pricing Model estimation by the mean ...

This study seeks to assess the relationship between weight and height among children. Sargent evaluated the relationship between weight and height using data from 160,000 college students. The study revealed that there is a positive relationship between height and weight. However, the regression coefficient different with age a group. Weight was relatively stable for men between 21 and 29 years, while for women it is between 17 and 29 years. A regression analysis of the sub-set revealed that weight increases by approximately one kilogram for every increase in height. This study assesses the relationship using survey data that ...

Abstract

The aim of the experiment was to determine the relationship between the diameter of a steel ball and its terminal velocity in glycerol. Four balls with different diameters were put in a transparent cylinder full of glycerol. The velocity of the ball was calculated based on the time taken for the ball to pass from one mark on the cylinder to another. The results showed that an increase in the diameter of the steel ball leads to an increase in terminal velocity. Besides, the results show that the larger the diameter of the steel ball is, the faster the ...

// Open DiagnosticsWithStatex77 in R > state<-as.data.frame(state.x77); colnames(state) <- c("Population", "Income",

"Illiteracy", "LifeExp", "Murder", "HSGrad", "Frost", "Area"); attach(state)

// As the student’s number is 292302, we have to delete observations #02 and #30. // Hence, we delete Alaska and New Jersey: > newstate<-state[-2,] > newstate<-newstate[-29,] > 292302%%4+1 // it gives 3, so we select “LifeExp” variable and cross out Life Expectancy row in the table given. //Create a table (this is what we should not do in R, but in Word document): // Develop an unrestricted model U: > U<-lm(LifeExp ~Population+ ...