Essays on Substance Abuse Treatment

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Substance abuse is one of the most harmful phenomena of a society. It can also be considered as substance-related disorder, and is related to abuse of drugs, tobacco, and/or alcohol that can lead to harmful outcomes. Estimates show that over 8 million children in the U.S. have one of the parents having substance-related disorder. Substance abuse can result in significant problems in a family as, for example; it can lead to separation of partners, problems in raising the children, employment problems, and severe levels of conflict in the society (Donohue et al., 2014). It has been ...

Abstract

The United States tops the list of the country with the highest number of incarcerated individuals. According to statistics released by the U.S Department of Justice, more than two million Americans were censored to be incarcerated with the local jail or prison. In late 1960, the United States realized the pressure overcrowding was impacting on the taxpayers. The government was spending a lot of money to take care of an individual in prison. Overcrowding led to the demand for better ways to deal with lawbreakers without necessarily taking them to prison, hence community-based correctional program. This paper analyses the ...

Introduction

Pennsylvania is a vulnerable population on the basis of substance abuse. Seven percent of Pennsylvania residents use illicit drugs and the rate of death as a result of drugs has been reported to be greater than the national average. Among other drugs, heroin is the most commonly drug that is abused by residents of Pennsylvania. The National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) discovers the data on illicit drugs, alcohol as well as tobacco use, and it reported that 6.5% of residents in Pennsylvania use illicit drugs, with 8.02% as a national average and 3.11% using illicit drugs ...

Introduction

Alternative sentencing makes way for committers of minor crimes and those with no criminal records to transform and comply with varied ethical standards as laid out by the state. With enhanced supervision as an alternative to incarceration, court administrators are involved in monitoring activities such as substance abuse treatment, random drug testing and community services performed by the offenders. The probation officers have to work closely with the Office of Community Corrections to ensure that the benchmarks set by the judges are met and that the offenders are able to contribute to long term growth and stability of the ...

Introduction

The United States of America is a multi-cultural society housing almost every culture present in the world. Healthcare professionals serve the high number of diverse patient populations. The presence of numerous cultures requires the government to promote cultural competence in all public and private sectors to accommodate people from different cultural backgrounds. Cultural competence refers to the ability of a professional, an organization, or an agency to establish behaviors, policies, and attitudes that work effectively across all cultures. The healthcare sector has a lot of responsibility in promoting cultural competence among multicultural groups found in the US. However, studies ...

Abstract

Rising rates of recidivism in the United States have developed concerns pertaining to the effectiveness of prisons as correctional facilities. In this study, the focus is to assess the suitability of faith-based correctional methods in promoting inmates reentry into the society. Some discussed methods include Inner change programs, prison chaplaincy, and meditational strategies. Several studies have indicated significant declines in recidivism rates among inmates who participated in these initiates. For example, Duwe & Johnson (2013) found that inmates who engaged in Inner change programs in Minnesota were less likely to be arrested by at least 8% compared to their counterparts ...

A brief account of the patient/client assessment

Drug misuse within state prisons has persistently been a major problem for the healthcare personnel. The treatment of misusers within these units is however a challenge for those concerned and this is attributed to a host of factors which dependently or independently leads to fragmented measures of managing this population. These challenges range from the vulnerability of the prisoners to self-harm and suicide cases while in prison; the occurrence of death upon serving their term due to intentional or accidental opiate overdose; the lacking measures of counseling as part of an integrated withdrawal system; the non-adherence to national and ...

Many people who suffer from a substance addiction also suffer from a mental health problem at the same time and the difficulties they are faced with far outweigh the effects of either alone. Often, only one of the two problems is identified and that depends on the primary problems treated where the diagnosis is given and which problem is most prominent. When one of the problems is severe it may eclipse the other problems the individual is suffering from.

Although one problem may be considered primary and the rest secondary, this does not mean that the individual isn’t experiencing serious ...

Substance abuse is one of the key factors having a negative impact on pregnancy outcomes. The illicit drug use in women of reproductive age increases year by year in many countries, and the use of drugs, along with misuse of prescriptive drugs such as antidepressants and pain killers during pregnancy is common. Nicotine and alcohol which are the major risk factors for the fetal development itself are often used in combination with other drugs. Many women under special treatment report “polydrug usage” (Whittaker, 2003), a substance abuse can be accompanied by poverty, psychological distress and victimization. According to study by ...

The Prevalence of Co-Occurring Disorders

Individuals with substance abuse disorders as defined by the DSM-V can present with symptoms of many other mental health disorders. It can be difficult to separate the symptoms of these two categories of illness without treatment to determine what the precipitating event was. In some instances, the existence of a mental health disorder can be the cause and the substance abuse disorder can be one of the symptoms that has progressed to the point of meeting diagnostic criteria on its own. In other instances, the substance abuse disorder can be creating symptoms of mental health disorders that would not ...

How do special needs, mentally ill, and substance-abusing prisoners affect the jail and prison systems at state and federal levels? Persons with disabilities include those who have long-term physical, mental, intellectual, or sensory impairments (Atabay, T., & United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2009). Their special needs demand treatment to reduce the risk they pose to themselves and the society. The prison authority at state and federal levels have to bestow special attention to such inmates along with generating funds, staff, and facilities for them and building them special programs aimed to rehabilitate them. Mentally ill inmates cost ...

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CAREERS IN HUMAN SERVICES

In the “Helping those in need: Human service workers” the Occupational Outlook Quarterly (2011) defines Human Services as the provision of “a variety of services aimed at improving clients’ lives” (23). Consequently, Human Services encompass different approaches depending on the nature of a particular problem and the services required in solving said problem. Evidently, it is impossible to cover all the careers that qualify and fit the characteristics of human services. However, it is plausible to look at a particular problem from different fields that could in turn be made up of a variety of professionals all of whom qualify as ...

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Incarceration or Intervention: Costs and Benefits

In the work of leading global research organizations RTI International, by sending substance abusers to community-based programs rather than hauling these people to jail, the United States criminal justice system stands to save billions of dollars, in a study of the RTI International and Temple University. In the study of the groups, almost one half of the prisoners in the Federal and state prison system are incarcerated for drug abuse or substance addicts. However, even with the high rate of drug and substance abusers in the prison, it is estimated that only one out of ten get ...

Introduction

In the following project I have researched and summarized the main provisions of the statutes as they relate to the questions of arraignment, state sentencing issues and sentencing alternatives in the state of Virginia. Another part of this research covers the issues of practical application of these statutory provisions in the everyday work of courts and correctional institutions. In the Lesson 1, I have researched the initial procedure of arraignment in the light of its practical application during the work of the court.

In the Lesson 2, I have summarized the statutory provisions which regulate the issues of probation, parole and sentencing alternatives.

In the Lesson 3, I have briefly outlined the community correctional programs and how the ...

Article Analysis: Racial/Ethnic Differences in Access to Substance Abuse Treatment

Article Analysis: Racial/Ethnic Differences in Access to Substance Abuse Treatment Racial and ethnic discrepancies exist in the health care system of United States of America for a long time. African Americans, Hispanics, Asian Americans are able to access American health care system but they are not able to avail all services and benefits in the same ways as white Americans avail. Racial and ethnic minority groups face various problems in accessing crucial health care services in the United States of America. This disparity negatively affects the health of racial and ethnic minority groups. Lo & Cheng (2011) in their ...

Introduction

Drug abuse, or drug addiction, is over dependence on a medication or a drug, legal or illegal. When the mild use transforms into uncontrolled craving, it begins to cause serious problems. The overuse of the drugs begins to alter the way the body and the mind behaves (SAMHSA, 2009). The physical and mental health deterioration is a given, relationships are also affected and the law of the land can pose long-term consequences. The overall costs of drug abuse, including crime-related costs and productivity costs, in United States are estimated to exceed $600 billion annually (Drug Facts, 2012). Among the population abusing ...

Abstract

Medical reforms in the form of legislation have played a big role in bringing about parity in the health care sector. The 2010 Affordable Health Care Act, the 1996 Mental Health Parity Act and various other legislations have improved the accessibility, affordability and quality of group health plans and insurance plans. Although a few loop holes and old laws continue o hamper efforts to bring about health care parity, the legislations are a big step in the right direction. The efforts aimed to integrate behavioral health services into mainstream medical service will affect the lives of many Americans positively, as only a ...

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Introduction “meeting the health needs of all persons, viewed as free and equal citizens, is of comparable and special moral importance” –Justice and Access to Health Care, Norman Daniels The above statement expresses the sentiments of persons who concur with the idea that there should be universal access to healthcare. The concept of distributive healthcare prevents this from taking place since it subjects persons to a screening process to determine their eligibility for certain types of healthcare. Additionally, distributive healthcare also promotes discrimination of persons, even substance abusers, in need of dire care at ...

- Based on what the clinician has learned during the intake, what are some of the symptoms a clinician should look for, or ask about, when working with this client during the initial sessions? Explain each symptom. The clinician should quiz Meredith for signs of withdrawal from friends and family. People with mental health problems withdraw from family and friends and choose to spend most of their time alone. In connection to this, the clinician can quiz Meredith on her ability to understand those close to her. Questions like, do you get angry with people near you easily? Do ...

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Introduction

The use of statistics in behavioral sciences examines the relationships between variables. This paper discusses the application of statistical measures such as t-test, ANOVA, and chi-square on three different studies to determine the correlation between variables. The objectives of this paper include the following:

Article 1: The Effects of Participation in Athletics on Academic Performance among High School Sophomores and Juniors

An ongoing discussion concerning the impacts of participation in athletics on academic accomplishment has been around since the 60s. Recently, this issue has ballooned due to the imposed limits on budget for education. A lot of decision makers also found it comforting to cut programs intended for athletic development due to their notion ...

Criminal Trials in Drug Courts in Europe

Introduction According to Langbein, the modern European Trial is an investigation into the truth, but not a stage battle of partisans committed to distortion. This is true with regards to prosecution and rehabilitation of drug offender that is now revamped in European countries. The criminal justice system is critical in the formation of any civilized society; it is required that the criminal justice system should be robust and in a position to protect the interests and rights of the various groups within the society. It comprises of three distinct elements; these are the law enforcement officers, the courts, and the ...

Introduction

Through the years, debates have risen over the efficiency of incarceration in stopping and preventing a recurrence of criminal behavior in the society. Many doubt if it is a significant response to crimes, and does little in preventing the increase of recidivism. In some cases, the incarcerated criminals return to the society worse than they were; they engage in more serious and even violent crimes. It results in their return to prison; this depicts the justice system’s failure in helping the former inmates’ reform and fit back into the society. An increase in the number of people who commit more ...

Stigma can reduce the addicted person to a tainted, discounted, and attributed to deeply discrediting stereotypes in society. This is so because the addicted person is seen as disqualified from full social acceptance. Therefore, Stigma is a central obstacle to recovery for persons with addictions. This so because individuals suffering from addictions may experience rejections, emotional imbalances after disclosing their addictions at work. However, the self-disclosure is the main step toward successfully addressing the stigma associated with addictions such as alcohol. Therefore, the paper will evaluate the benefits and harmful impact of disclosing an addiction at work. There are several ...

Introduction 3

Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy 3 Summary of Model 4 Strengths and Weaknesses of Treatment 6 Medication Treatment Approaches 7 Medication Assessment Treatment 8 Strengths and Weaknesses of Treatment 11 Therapeutic Modality use with a patient with a Substance Disorder 11 Ethical, legal, Individual and Socio-Cultural Implications 12 Conclusion 12

References: 13

Addiction Treatments Introduction In the past, there were times when the society actually looked at drug addiction as some kind of a flaw that was moral. Research shows that popular "treatments" did things much different than they did today. For instance, it involved ...

Keeping Prison Drug Treatment an Option

Keeping Prison Drug Treatment an Option

Introduction

Understanding the social benefits of keeping prison drug treatment an option as part of prisoner rehabilitation engages increasing support in the ongoing debate about its efficacy. According to the Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) of the 211,150 total prison population, over 50 percent have drug related convictions (2013). From 1990 and well into the first decade of the 21st century, America's controversial "war on drugs" contributes to the continued overcrowding in the nation's prisons (VanderWaal, Taxman, & Gurka-Ndanyi, 2008, p. 127). According to van Wormer and Persson (2010), " A large percentage of inmates ...

Substance abuse has become a very big problem in the United States leading to the emergence of many different substance abuse treatment programs. It has caused significant health problems affecting families and the whole community at large (Aday, 2003). Where I live in Arkansas, there is the Arkansas Rift Valley Area Council which helps people with substance abuse problems with the services they are in need of. Moreover, there is also the BCD Hoover Treatment Centre which is a community based substance abuse treatment program facility. These two facilities provide substance abuse treatment and halfway housing for monitoring people with heavy ...

Substances abused and implications of abuse

Substance abuse and drug addiction have been a running debate as many young people get used to drugs. Drug abuse victims today have filled healthcare centers and emergency departments because of health damages caused by drug use. The most commonly abused drugs include alcohol, tobacco, cocaine, marijuana, and heroin. According to McKetin, McLaren ,Lubman & Hides (2006), the use of cocaine, heroin and marijuana causes the most adverse effects on victims of drug and substance abuse. James Adams is a now a 20 years old man who has been addicted to cocaine. He is half-American half-Asian and has been using the drugs frequently ...

Introduction

The current state of correctional mental health Mental health is one of the most delicate issues that surround our correctional facilities. The matter needs to be handled with great caution being that it can be an expensive affair, yet the numbers of cases where persons with mental health issues being incarcerated are still on the rise. This report seeks to look deeper into some of the elements that need further scrutiny in order to make the facilities more accommodative to the mentally ill. We also look at some structural and design strategies that are highlighted as key to ...

The least surprising statistical data presented by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT, 1994) was the high prevalence of substance abuse or dependence issues in combination with other mental disorders. According to surveys and research papers from the 1980s and 1990s, substance abuse treatment programs reported between 50 and 75 percent co-occurring mental disorders among their clients while mental healthcare providers reported the prevalence of co-occurring substance abuse disorders among their patients between 20 and 50 percent (as cited in CSAT, 1994). The high prevalence of co-occurring disorders is not surprising because substance abuse causes several changes ...

Abstract

Drug addiction is not only common in men but also in women. However, it does not happen accidentally. Certain factors influence women’s engagement in drug initiation and even addiction: natural physical susceptibility; personality measure of women; peer relationships; family relationships; marital relationships; social media and marketing; discrimination; acculturation; socioeconomic condition; and victimization in sex and prostitution. These factors have different influencing ways upon women. Likewise, the effects these have upon women have varying degrees as well. Seeing these factors does not only imply knowledge of the issue, but brings forth the need to deal with it. The ...

Despite their tactics, many leaders always forget that the strength of an organization is its people. Because of this, education systems have ensured that most people are informed on the fact that leadership is not about self exaggeration early in their careers. Education systems and other organizations have made it clear to most people that leadership is about enabling people around them as well as putting these people into positions in which they can succeed (McCann and Aldersea, 2011). The key to leadership is the ability to improve the performance of other people in a team. There are two ...

Adolescent substance abuse refers to dependence on or overindulgence in addictive substances (e.g., drugs or alcohol) by young individuals. There are many reasons why adolescents resort to the misuse and abuse of substances. Some authors and experts in the field consider the theoretical perspectives on the interrelationships between substance abuse and emotion while some laypersons view addiction as evil in itself and that the addict is a bad person . There are those of the opinion that drug abuse is caused by unfavorable familial and cultural influences whereas in the medical and health sectors, addiction is a disease caused by neurochemical imbalance. ...

Substance abuse Health Centers in Goldsboro area

- Waynesboro family clinic This is a private family clinic that offers comprehensive mental and behavioral health services to the entire family. The clinic provides substance abuse treatment and in home services. The clinic utilizes mental health Practitioners like psychologist, psychiatrists, mental health counselors and substance abuse counselor. The clinic utilizes cognitive behavioral therapy and other treatment modalities in the treatment regimes. This clinic is a day Centre that does not provide prolonged in patient services to substance abuse clients (Waynesboro family clinic, 2013). - Wayne county treatment Centre This is a critical access behavioral health agency (CABHA). The ...

The theory proposed in this paper is based on motivation and addresses some of the concerns regarding stage-based theories such as the trans-theoretical theory of motivation. The various tenets of motivation that are attributed to change are propounded in the initial sections as described below. Motivation is a key to change. The incentive sensitization theory of addiction explains addiction from a motivational perspective with respect to mental processes. Arguably, a motivational change process would therefore be an ideal recovery mechanism. Due to the complexity and multidimensional nature of change involving human behavior, this theory calls for a multifaceted approach that does not necessarily ...

Imagine suffering from an unbearable pain and discomfort and being denied the medication you need for relief because it is a controlled substance. Medicinal marijuana is a term used to define derivatives of marijuana that can be used to treat various ailments. Marijuana is an illegal substance in all but 16 states in the United States. This means majority of American citizens who are willing to choose medicinal marijuana are unable to consume it as acceptable therapy for their ailments. This proposal will advance the argument for the legalization of medicinal marijuana. The thesis statement is that the United States ...

Introduction

The co-occurrence of substance abuse and mental disorders is a common and growing problem among Americans that should be given attention as it impairs the life of those affected. One of these is the co-occurrence of substance abuse disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. In this regard, this paper provides an overview of this co-occurring disease in terms of its criteria for diagnosis, its incidence, causes, treatment, and the considerations for assessment.

DSM-IV Criteria for Generalized Anxiety

“Generalized anxiety disorder is a chronic and impairing disorder, independent of its substantial comorbidity with other mental disorders” (Andrews et al., 2010, p. 134). According to DSM- IV (Andrews et ...

Marijuana use by teenagers in the 10th and 12th grade increased from 14.2% and 18.8% in 2007 to 17.0% and 22.9% in 2012 respectively. A continued abuse of prescription and OTC drugs also continued to rise, especially on the use stimulants and pain relievers. While marijuana and medical drugs showed consistent and, other times, escalating use, other drugs of abuse such as inhalants, cocaine and MDMA (ecstasy) decreased in all. Alcohol use among teenagers, on the other hand, showed a slight increase in 2012. Cigarettes, though peaked around 1997, continued to decrease until now. Both cigarettes (17.1%) and marijuana (22.9%) ...

Introduction

Contrary to common opinion, integrative therapy is nothing like eclecticism. Whereas eclectic therapy borrows from many models without a cohesive concept of therapy, integrative therapy is well formulated and an unambiguous approach to therapy that is based on techniques that are empirically-proven. While the models, theories and interventions may arise from a myriad of quarters, they blend very well in a streamlined impression of therapy. As a family focused intervention, trials are run in different settings and with a different audience in order to evaluate its effectiveness (Rasheed, Rasheed, & Marley, 2011). As family focused intervention, the multidimensional family therapy has been extensively tested for ...

Critical Thinking/ Evidence Based nursing Concept

Abstract Approximately one million individuals succumb to suicide every year. Suicide is a clinical issue that is caused by interplay of biological/genetic, sociocultural, psychological, pathological and behavioral factors (Boore, and Tsao, 2011). Extensive and thorough assessment is needed in determining the cause individually. According to a number of researches, lack of emotional empowerment among the youth forms one of the contributing factors in suicidal tendencies. Evidence based practice has proven CARE model an effective approach for reducing risk of suicide in the society. The model empowers the victims to develop skills such as; personal control, self-esteem, sense of worth, problem ...

This research paper examines different aspects associated with the war on drugs. The first is the effect on an American family when a family member becomes involved in drugs; how it can bring down the family as a consequence. The paper also examines the impact of drugs on youth and the youth culture, and why drugs are so big in Mexico. Finally, the paper summarizes the themes of the movie Traffic.

The Research

Effects on an American Family. In an article entitled “Effects of Substance Abuse on Families” published in the Chicago Tribune, Beth Aileen Lameman first describes – from the perspective of the ...

Abstract

Social workers perform a range of services that touch on many disciplines within the greater health and human services field. Case management, which is closely identified with social work, features a skill set that can be applied to many areas within the discipline of social work, ranging from child protection to substance abuse. These skills include problem assessment, treatment formulation, coordination and counseling. There are considerable career development opportunities, and new skill development paradigms provide important resources for professional growth.

Keywords: Social workers, health and human services, case management, child protection, substance abuse

A Career in Health and Human Services

Social ...

1.0 Introduction Imprisonment is defined as a means of punishing wrong doers through their exclusion from society for a given period of time. The period of time is determined by the nature of the crime. The aims of imprisonment are as follows: to express society’s disapproval for the act committed by the prisoner, to atone for the crime perpetrated and to offer the offender an opportunity to come to the realization of the real impact of their act. Imprisonment ensures that the offender does not get an opportunity to further harm the society by repeating the crime. The time ...

ABSTRACT

Drug abuse has been a major issue since time in memorial. The effects and increased levels of crimes as a result of the drugs more so how they are smuggled in the prisons is what forms the basis of this paper. The paper therefore looks at what drug abuse involves, what facilitates the smuggling of drugs into prisons and the remedial factors put in place to solve this menace.

Prison life among all kinds of things is full of challenges and it requires to be handled with a lot of care. In the prison several inmates are convicted with different charges of ...