Essays on TCP

Interprocess communication (IPC) is a group of programming interfaces which enable a software developer or programmer to coordinate different tasks and activities among different program operations which execute simultaneously in the operating system. IPC enables a program to handle many user requests at the same time. An user request results in execution of multiple processes in the operating system. The processes must communicate with one other to carry out their tasks. The interfaces of IPC aids in communication,data exchange among the different processes. There are advantages and disadvantages present in every method of IPC. A single program can ...

Definition of session hijacking.

Session hijacking is also referred to as TCP session hijacking, and it entails a security attack of a session of a system user over a network that is protected. It is primarily executed through IP spoofing where an attacker inserts commands through source-routed IP packets into an active communication in order to disguise the attacker as one of the authentic users of the system (Basta and Halton, 2008). Since the user of the network is primarily authenticated at the start of the TCP session, it is conceivable for the attacker to execute IP spoofing with ease.

Types of session hijacking.

There are two ...

IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL MALICIOUS ATTACKS, THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES

IDENTIFYING POTENTIAL MALICIOUS ATTACKS, THREATS AND VULNERABILITIES 1. Potential malicious attacks and threats that could be carried out against networks and organizations and their potential consequences

The three potential threats that may affect the network configuration are:

This type of attack is a group of compromised systems (also known as "zombie computers") that attack a single target to cause a denial of service to users themselves are legitimate. The attack consists of a huge flow of messages and requests to the target network. The information flow is released for this overloading and force the system to shut down; as a result, it denies service to legitimate users. A typical way ...

Contextual factors that can influence the transformational change project (TPC)

When entrepreneurs attempt to start any business, they have to consider several external factors that can affect the business. Similarly, when organizations take any transformational change project into consideration, they need to determine the factors that can influence the project. Political, social, economic, environmental, legal, company resources and competition in the industry the business is going to transformed are the factors that send significant impact over the transformational change project. Hence the aim of this project is to analyze the impact of these contextual factors on the TCP (transformational change project).

Analysis of contextual factors

Mandates and Regulations: Mandates refer to the codes, ...

Determine the importance of understanding the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) and Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference models from the perspective of an ethical hacker. Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol reference model govern communications across different computers on the internet. The user gets to understand the process of packaging, sending, and receiving communication. The main TCP/IP protocols include HTTPS, HTTP, and FTP. On the other hand, the Open Systems Interconnection reference model plays the role of characterizing and standardizing communication between two computers on the internet. OSI helps guide vendors and network developers to ensure the ...

1) Download a copy of Kali Linux from this site: https://www.kali.org/downloads/ *Grab the correct version for your computer and virtual machine 2) After you have setup your VM with the following parameters – 2 CPUs, 2048MB ram, 20GB HD, and let networking as the default, link the Kali ISO and start the VM. 3) Install the distribution if you like or you can run it as a live drive. (Hint—if you run it as a live drive you will need to hand write your results as the live version will not save results for you) 4) First—open the ...

Communication System

The key elements of a data communication system are the source, the transmitter, the transmission system, the receiver and the destination. The source will be used in the generation of the data to be transmitted. The transmitter has a purpose of transforming and encoding the data into signals that can be transmittable for example the transformation from a digital bit stream to the corresponding analogue signal. The transmission system serves the purpose of carrying the data and it can be in terms of a transmission line or a complex network connecting the source and the destination. The receiver will ...

Question One

The two factors for delay include; propagation and serialization. Propagation is the amount of time taken before data can travel at the speed of light from the data source to the destination. Serialization is the process of converting data stored from bytes into a stream of bits that can be transmitted over the networks.

Question Two

One of the causes of packet jitter is the congestion in the IP network. The other reasons include route changes, and timing drift.

Question Three

Making use of a jitter buffer will help reduce the delays in the packet delivery. The applications consuming the packets in the ...

Audacity

Audacity is a single multiple track tool for editing and recording sound. It allows users to manipulate with the soundtracks, change arrangement or fix issues like noise. The user interface of Audacity as shown in Figure 1 is simple; it provides buttons on top like a video recorder. One can also open an existing file into Audacity for listening or making some changes. The recorded sound is shown in a waveform that makes editing very simple and graphical. It also consists tools for clipping portions of the sound and a special tool for volume adjustments. Audacity is easy to ...

Management of IT

Management of IT is different compared to other management functions in an organization. One major reason that contributes to this difference is the rapid change in technology and innovations witnessed every other day. As a result, there will always be a change on how to approach particular management issues with each new invention. As Ruben put it and agreed by Barton, high-level managers in other departments like Loan Operations can easily work on any job at any management level, from the bottom up the hierarchy regardless of the number of years one worked at that level; most processes remain ...

The key aspect of e-business is its focus on digitization of business processes. The universal connectivity permitted by the growth of the internet and a standardized way of communicating across different computing platforms is shifting the balance of importance from the physical world to the digital world.

Fundamentally, e-business is a broader concept and it is concerned with using the internet and related technologies to integrate and redesign an organization’s internal activities, processes and external relations, and create new ways of working that are significantly different from, and very often far superior to, what was possible (or conceivable) in the ...

1. Familiarise yourself with the various network addressing terms e.g. socket.

Socket: a socket is a combination of an IP address (where the computer is located) and a port and places it together into a single identity – a good analogy is a telephone where the actual phone connection is a combination of a given phone number and a particular extension. In computer networking, an Internet socket or network socket is an endpoint of a bidirectional inter-process communication flow across an Internet Protocol-based computer network, such as the Internet.

Subnet Mask: A subnetwork is a distinct and visible part of a single Internet Protocol wikipedia.org/wiki/Subnet_Mask

Gateway: A Gateway is a link between two ...

The connectivity of a computer to other of networks that allows communication with other computers presents many risks to the computer. According to Kallol Bagchi, (2003), internet security involves mechanisms and procedures taken to protect and secure files and data in the computer connected to the internet against intrusion by other internet users. The internet being insecure mediums of exchanging information presents high-risk attacks which results in loss of data or files, destruction of computer software or access of information by unwanted or unknown computer users. To protect the transfer of date via internet several methods such as encryption have ...