Essays on Tensile Strength

Abstract

This lab study was undertaken to analyze the effects of torque forces and shear modulus of rigidity on three circular solids namely, half-hard brass (60% Cu and 40% Zn), 0.1% and 0.4% carbon steel. This was done by subjecting the samples to a shearing stress and by noting down its angular displacement. The maximum torque of each sample was calculated and compared. Their polar moment of inertia was also calculated to assist in analysis. The value of shear modulus of rigidity of each of the samples was determined using a graph which related torque and angular displacement. It was ...

DEFLECTION OF BEAMSIntroduction

Any kind of modern day construction makes use of a component called structural beam, or beam. A beam helps in adding strength of any design or structure. Generally manufactured using steel, wood, or concrete, it is commonly used for spanning any open element of a structure. In any design work based on iron, steel I beam is the most commonly used one. On the other hand, home-based constructions generally make use of wooden beams. When steel I beam is encased within concrete, it forms a concrete beam and is typically used in the construction of heavy structures, such as ...

Introduction

Stainless steel is an important component in the modern industry having various uses in the industry. This has forced new developments in its manufacturing especially in terms of its composition. This can be the steel made from aluminum, manganese, and iron. All these materials makes the finished stainless steel product unique in terms of its composition, physical metallurgy, and other factors. This paper is going to discuss the development in stainless steel technology with regards to its composition in terms of the materials used. The materials that are going to be discusses are Al, Mn, and Fe. The paper ...

I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for assessment on the program of study leading to the award of BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING HONOURS (MANUFACTURING AND DESIGN ENGINEERING) is entirely my own work and has not been submitted for assessment for any academic purpose other than in partial fulfillment for that stated above.

Signed

Hussein Al-Tuhoo ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I have been indebted in the preparation of this thesis to my supervisor, Dr Maura Kelleher of Dublin Institute of Technology College, whose patience and kindness, as well as her academic experience, have been invaluable to me. I am extremely grateful ...

A conductive cable is a wire or a group of wires that conducts electricity. Substances which do not allow the passage of current through them are known as insulators. An insulating material should possess a very good dielectric strength and fire proofing qualities. In addition to good mechanical strength, it should have high chemical inertness. Often the most suitable insulation for resisting dielectric stress may not have an outer surface that is suitable for the conditions which the cable must meet. Thus, for improvement in resistance to flame, oil, abrasion, and chemical environment, a suitable jacket is extruded around the insulated conductor. ...

Literature Review: Body Armor Overview

Literature Review: Body Armor Overview

- Body Armor: Introduction

- History

In modern times, security forces and military personnel use body armor to mitigate the likelihood of serious injury while engaged in their professional activities. However, the use of body armor is by no means a new phenomenon. From the earliest times that man developed weapons, he has also produced means of providing protection against weapons wielded by others, including the use of body armor. Early man used comparatively primitive methods, but as civilizations developed and techniques advanced, body armor evolved. Whilst the soldiers of ancient Greece used shields ...

Introduction

Selection of materials is an important part of engineering design. Material selection is aimed at increasing the performance as well as the life of the engineering component and hence, very important for success of engineering component. The nature of loading, expected life, working environment amongst other factors determines the material to be selected for a particular application.

Therefore, engineers and designers must determine the properties of materials before they incorporate them in their design. Mechanical properties of materials such as ultimate tensile strength, Modulus of Elasticity, proof stress, specific strength, toughness and density amongst others are some of the important ...

Introduction

There are no specific reasons due to which disasters happen in the field of science and technology. The engineers who put the foundation stones for a given construction of a building, roads, railways, dockyards, bridges or any other engineering monuments put in their hard efforts before actually carrying out their work. However, sometimes due to miscalculations, or due to mismanagement or due to shortcuts applied in the engineering design can lead to the engineering disasters (Dunbar & Garud, 2009). The thesis of this report will discuss on learning the key lessons from the engineering disasters and considering the recommendations that will avoid ...

Group

Abstract Material selection is an important stage in engineering design. Engineers use various materials with different mechanical properties in building of structures. These mechanical properties include; tensile strength, yield strength, proof stress, Young's modulus, shears modulus of rigidity and ductility amongst others. Material selection increases the performance as well as durability of the engineering component. The expected life, cost, nature of loading and working environment are some of the factors that assist engineers to select materials for particular application. Therefore, engineers and designers must be able to determine the properties of these materials before they use them. Engineers ...

Analysis of Oil Palm Shell Concrete-A Review

Many researches have been conducted on to use oil palm shell (OPS) as the light weight material in last three decades. It is an agricultural waste normally generated from palm oil industry. This industry is normally situated in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and some other countries. There are many products being made from OPS. The use of OPS as lightweight aggregate in making concrete mix is the main project of many companies in different countries including Malaysia that was first introduced by Abdullah in 1984. Malaysia playing an important role in manufacturing of different oil palm products as it gives ...

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Abstract of the Tensile Test

Tensile tests are instrumental in understanding the properties of various materials and the way will behave when subjected to a load. Four different materials were subjected to tensile test using universal testing machine. The materials that were tested were: steel and nylon. The data obtained from each experiment was used to calculate and graphically determine some of the valuable properties of the materials such as, yield stress, ultimate tensile strength and young’s modulus. The material properties obtained from the various test were compared with the theoretical values and also amongst the materials themselves. The tensile test results showed that ...

Abstract

Concrete acts as one of the most essential and cost-effective construction material made from a mixture of sand, cement, aggregates, and water. Cement acts as a binder for holding all the components together. Engineers working in the construction site must understand the purpose of the construction because different structures require different concrete strengths. The strength of cement paste used controls the overall strength of concrete that depends on the water-cement ratio. The following experiment was conducted to investigate different mechanical and physical properties of concrete.

Objective: To determine mechanical properties of concrete.

Materials used: Aggregate (coarse and fine), sand, cement, water, compressive machine, cylindrical and rectangular molds, timer, ...

Abstract

Adequate nutrition is required for optimal wound healing. The normal processes that allow the progress of wound healing are disrupted due to nutritional deficiencies. Increased infection rates and decreased wound tensile strength are associated with malnutrition. Chronic on-healing wounds are formed in malnourished patients or individuals. Such patients can develop infections, pressure ulcers, and delayed wound healing. Morbidity and mortality among malnourished patients with chronic wounds constitute a serious clinical concern. Wound healing is considered as a complex process. It is the process of replacing injured tissue with new tissue (produced by the body). Production of new tissue is associated with ...

Introduction

The above quote alludes to the pliability and the malleability of plastic. Plastic is defined by the online version of the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as a synthetic material which is comprised of a variety of organic polymers which can be moulded into a shape while soft, and then set into a rigid, yet slightly flexible form. Glass fibre reinforced plastic (GFRP) is plastic which has been reinforced or strengthened by the use of glass fibres. This composite material has been used in the construction of large-scale items such as luxury boats, missiles, and tanks, and small-scale items, such as tubs, fans, hoods and scrubbers [ ...

Introduction

Tensile testing is usually conducted to select a material for its application, quality control, and to forecast how the material is likely to react on deployment of different types of forces. The properties evaluated through the tensile test include the ultimate tensile strength, the maximum elongation, X-area reduction and so forth. These evaluations facilitate determination of such properties as Young’s Modulus, yield strength, Poisson’s ratio, and the characteristics of strain hardening [1. 2]. Tensile testing on glass fibre is, thus, performed to determine the quality of the material it contains, and to ascertain its suitability for various applications.

History of Fibre Glass

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Introduction:

The main purpose of the experiment was to carry out a tensile test on A36 steel and 6064-T6 aluminum. The experiment aimed at determining yield strength, rupture strength, ultimate tensile strength, the modulus of elasticity, the ductility of the materials under test. In real life engineering applications the tensile test is one of the most important and useful test that can be utilized to determine the mechanical properties of a material. Different materials have different mechanical properties and hence have different engineering uses. In engineering, it is imperative to determine the mechanical properties of a material as it helps in determining ...

Literature Review on Carbon Fibers

This paper sums up a literature review on a unique and astounding development in the field of Science, known as carbon fibers. Although, they were discovered during late 1800s for the first time, their true potential was not realized until mid 20th century, and even today, researchers are experimenting over new areas of application for carbon fibers. The paper will further discuss; different areas of application, the composition, structure and characteristics of the carbon fibers used, along with a list of merits and demerits of using carbon fiber in place of a traditional alternative in modern engineering.

Carbon fibers have molded into many ...

When designing various projects for a client, an engineer is concerned with different aspects of the design. For instance, the aesthetic value of the design is very important to the engineer. Other factors that concern the engineer are the durability of the product and the cost effectiveness in both the design and production processes. However, and without belittling the importance of these factors, safety is ultimately the major concern of the engineer. Safety as a factor is incorporated into all designs, for both the client and the environment (including other people who might not necessarily use the product but stand in ...

Question One

It is essential to understand the four classes of materials; this is because it makes us have a clear understanding of the properties that specific materials should exhibit. This plays an important role whenever there is a need to select materials for use in applications. (Ashby, Hugh and Cebon, 2007). This is due to the fact that for every application there are specific properties required, there is always a need to select that material that has exactly the needed property. Hence, the understanding of such properties ensures that the right material is chosen for the correct application. The four classes of materials ...

Concrete is the most economical building material that can withstand high compressive strength, but cannot exhibit sufficient tensile forces. On the other hand, steel is considered a good building material in the context of tensile strength. It can withstand tensile strength much more than concrete. A properly designed concrete building structure hold increased strength and ductility even in areas prone to seismic conditions. The performance of buildings during an earthquake depends mainly on design instead of the material used in the process of construction. In conducting comparison between concrete and steel buildings, on can find benefits in both types of ...

Q1:

There are four classes/or types of materials that are considered as listed below

- Ceramics and Glasses - Composite materials - Polymers - Metal alloys First generalized properties of the materials will be discussed, and then based on these properties one material will be selected for a specific application. - Ceramics and Glasses Ceramics and Glasses are inorganic, non-metallic materials consisting of metallic and non-metallic elements bonded with ionic and covalent bonds. These are high strength bonding gives special characteristics to these materials.

The typical properties of these materials are as:

- Low to moderate density compared to metals, - High modulus of elasticity, - Provide good strength at elevated level of ...

Introduction

The destructive testing of the materials is often used to find out the material properties. The mechanical property is based on the parameters obtained from the material testing. The testing involves tensile testing, hardness testing, creep testing, and impact testing. The non destructive testing involves interaction of energy with the materials. It is necessary to decide the behaviour of the material by knowing the property of the materials. The structure of the material at the atomic level will guess the characteristic of the material at the atomic level. The materials fall into the category of metallic, ceramic, and polymeric. ...

a Course, College, country b Course, College, country

Abstract

Tensile strength is a kind of force which is applied by pulling something such as rope, wire etc. to the point where it breaks [1]. The tensile strength of the material is the maximum amount of tensile stress that it can take before failure [1]. There is different kind of tensile strength yield strength, ultimate strength, breaking strength. The tensile strength can be found using tensile test which is a kind of the mechanical test [2]. Tensile test are simple, inexpensive and fully standardized. The motto of this paper is to analyze the tensile ...

Abstract

Bridges are the most complicated structures to design in the Engineering field. The following experiment conducted using spaghetti and any type of glue in building a bridge model. The experiment involved testing how much weight can the spaghetti hold in tensile using a tensile strength testing machine. The experiment aimed at making a practical representation of real bridges and the forces on them. Three main real bridges are discussed, truss bridge, srch bridge, and suspension bridge. The tests were conducted through hanging weights on the constructed spagheti bridge and determining the breaking loads. The experiment result analysis showed that truss pattern brigdes ...

Key Words: Disperse dye, Poly Lactic Acid, Fabric, elongation, tensile strength

Introduction and statement of the problem

The polymerization of lactic acid yields polylactic acid. As such, the raw material used in the manufacture of polylactic acid is lactic acid. Lactic acid is a naturally occurring substance that is produced by living things during metabolism. The use of polylactic acid in the production of fibers for various applications in the textile industry can be traced back to a very useful discovery a few decades ago. The production of biodegradable surgical sutures using polylactic acid set the path clear for more applications of polylactic acid (Ren 98). The good ...

- A brief summary of the major findings of the paper. This paper describes a study of processing of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) into fibers. Different draw ratios of the fiber products or degrees of fiber chain alignment were obtained under different deformation conditions and determined by a heat-induced relaxation method. The results of the strength tests on fiber products suggested that a higher degree of alignment leads to higher tensile strength, while decreasing alignment results in lower tensile strength but higher ductility. 2. Provide at least 4 MAJOR technical strengths to the paper and EXPLAIN why. In addition, please ...

Introduction

Composites are mixtures of at least two materials, such as reinforcing elements, fillers, and composite matrix binder. Compared to concrete and timber, composites are relatively lightweight. Different composites differ in form and/or composition on a macroscopic scale. Each component retainsits identity and does not dissolve or merge completely into one another. Composites are not generally used as fibres by themselves. They are often impregnated with a matrix material that transfers loads to the fibresand protects the fibres from abrasion and environmental attack. The useful properties of composites are diminished by the matrix to some extent but not fully. Thermoset ...

Incandescent light bulbs emit light by the heating of the filament inside the bulb. First developed by Humphrey Davy in 1802, the earliest incandescent bulbs were made from two charcoal strips with a high power battery used to pass current trough it. The flowing current lead to the production of an intense incandescent light that became the first component of the arc lamp. Future improvement was done by Warren De La Rue in 1820 utilizing the platinum coil inside an evacuated tube. This design was motivated by the high melting point of platinum that would give the lamp a better operation ...

In the U.S. two types of standard structural bolts have been approved for use: ASTM A490 and ASTM A395 (Williams, 2001, p. 44).

ASTM A395

Usually, the ASTM A325 covers the heavy structural bolts with high strength that range in size from half diameter to one and half diameter. The given bolts are often used in various structural connections (Williams, 2001, p. 54). They characteristically have shorter thread lengths when compared to the standard hex bolts. There are two types of A325: Type 1 and type 3. Type 1 is made of carbon baron, medium carbon, or an alloy of medium ...