Essays on Theorists

The Rothschild banking family went down in history as the owners of the largest private wealth not only in the world but even in history with affiliate properties in London, Naples, Paris, Frankfurt, and Vienna. Currently, the family wealth has been diversified into more economically productive ventures such as financial services, production of wines and soft drinks, energy generation, real estate investments and even mining of minerals (Byford 78). The massive wealth as possessed by the Rothschild family has been a subject of suspicions, speculation and unending doubts about the exact identity of the Rothschild. For instance, while existing ...

With the recent increase in global warfare, there has been an influx of refugees throughout the world. The immigrant opts to seek a safe heaven in the European countries, however; the Europeans are angered by the increase of immigrants. It is worth noting that, the issue of refugee was the one of the factors that facilitated Britain to leave the European Union. There are two prevalent schools of thoughts with regards to the increase in the number of refugees. According to the liberalists they uphold the asylum principle and still hold onto the fallacy that a boarderless world can ...

Introduction

The broad issue of gender equality and empowerment of women has been discussed in length and depth by various stakeholders in society. In fact, the topic stands out as one of the most highly debated issues through the years. The continued occurrence of incidences of gender discrimination clearly points out that the debates are yet to yield their ultimate objectives. The primary contention in all such arguments is the continuous portrayal of women as a lesser gender and thus belittling the morality and feminine’s obligations in society. Male chauvinists, who consider themselves superior and more potent have continuously ...

Critical race theory is a legal framework that provides critical analysis of race and racism. It recognizes that racism is engrained in the fabric and system of American society (Delgado and Stefancic, 11). The concept also rejects traditions of liberalism and meritocracy. Despite legal discourse terming the law as neutral and colorblind, critical race theorists challenge this notion by examining liberalism and meritocracy as a vehicle of self-interest, power, and privilege. Using various narratives, theorists are able to present different perspectives on matters concerning race and how they relate to law and power. Keywords: meritocracy, liberalism, legal In his ...

Nursing Theory Analysis Paper

Many researchers globally have researched on the discipline of nursing and developed some theories aimed at explaining some health care phenomenon. Theories of nursing play a critical role in influencing the outcome of different areas of practice including research, education, administration, and nursing informatics. Nursing theories fall under the mid-range theory or grand theory classifications. The analysis below discusses the theory of Transcultural Nursing by Madeleine Leininger that falls under the mid-range category of nursing theories.

Analysis of the Transcultural Nursing Theory

Background Leininger is well-recognized psychiatric and mental health professionals of the 1950s. Earned her first diploma in nursing in 1948, advanced to a ...

The Concept Analysis

The Concept Analysis In our daily lives, it is expected for us to look over and take care of ourselves. However, there are limitations, which hinder us from doing and performing such activities. That is why; we need other people to continue activities we cannot do. For instance, when we are experiencing pain or any disease, we go to healthcare institutions so that healthcare professionals can attend to our needs. These individuals, especially nurses, are required to provide healthcare needs to patients. Thus, nursing models and theories are established for the purpose of advancing the discipline and addressing issues ...

Discussion

One of the most significant mid-range theories of nursing is the Madeleine Leininger’s Theory of Transcultural Nursing. The theory falls in the middle-range category because it accesses the total picture of a phenomenon.

The assumptions underpinning the theory

Theories are imaginary concepts that help in generating and guiding practice in a research making most theorists base their theories on assumptions. The Leininger’s Theory of Transcultural Nursing aims at promoting a culture of care and ensuring universal delivery of care (Leininger & National League for Nursing, 2001). The theory operates under a number of assumptions that expound on the use of some terms such ...

Introduction

On June 23, 2016, UK held a referendum in which 52% of the voters chose to leave the European Union (EU) against 48% who chose to stay (Taub, 2016). The Brexit presents a massive change. Without a doubt, the Brexit will strongly influence how project managers will run their projects. Hillary and Allen (2016) observe that all sectors and organization will have to review the risks and opportunities that will emanate from Brexit. Unfortunately, project managers, like everyone else, have limited information that would help them to assess the risks and opportunities associated with the Brexit. Notwithstanding the lack ...

Introduction

Who wins and who loses? The one who wins has reflected his or her ability to influence the behavior of others. This is power. As defined by Robert Dahl, a leading political theorist, power is the ability of one to get another to do something he or she would not otherwise do as a result of the will imposed by the other, where adherence is driven by obligation rather than force. Power is dynamic, relative, situational and multidimensional. According to Steve Lukes, there are three dimensions of power. The first dimension of power is intentional and active, and involves ...

Early functionalists such as Durkheim and Spencer developed stage models of societal evolution which tried to explain the development of societies from simple to complex forms. However, these theories were largely abandoned in the 20th century because they proposed unrealistic theories regarding the evolution of societies. Thus, some critics accused evolutionary theories of being ethnocentric because they viewed all societies as inevitably evolving towards capitalism (Turner “Varieties” 164). Moreover, other theories were considered utopian because theorists such as Marx proposed communism as the next stage in the evolution of societies, after capitalism. After being dismissed for many years, the ...

Gender identity is one of the fundamental characteristics that a person acquires and which will influence her choices and opportunities in life. Gender is not only a trait that one has, but also, gender is performed every day, according to certain theorists (Wood, 2011). One is expected to behave according to his or her gender, and to adhere to the norms and values associated with that gender. To “do” gender from this point of view means to behave as a woman and as a man respectively, simply because others expect one to do so. While I did not give ...

There are many theories as to how a person may become who he or she is. Some people believe that they are directly shaped by the events that happen in a person’s past, while other thinkers state that people go through different dialectical stages that led up to one’s current state. In this sense, there are many elements that one must be aware of in order to adequately analyze one’s life development. Three of the most important development theorists are B. F. Skinner, John Watson and Erik Erikson; these three men founded Operant Conditioning, Behaviorism and ...

They have been a myriad of theorists that have developed theories on cognitive learning stages and human development. Among those theorists have been Erik Erikson, Abraham Maslow, and Jean Piaget. Each of these theorists have had an imperative impact on the way we view cognitive development and physical growth. Some of them focused more on how we interact with others and develop through relationships with individuals as we progress through life. While others, focused on cognitive development that is innately inherited through birth giving us a foundation of which to build upon. Erik Erikson, for example, based his theories ...

Constructivism and structural realism are two theories of IR that seem to differ in their argumentations. The proponents of the structural realism seem to base the establishment of international relations on political powers while the social constructivists argue that international relations are socially constructed. Structural realism supports the decentralization of the international structure and the equality in sovereignty among all states or international actors. However, in the constructivism theory, the international relations seem to be grounded on social interactions, where the role of all international actors in negotiating international relations has central importance. The two theories view the interests ...

Foundation Course – Name

Abstract Information technologies are the core components of any organizational studies. Since this phenomenon was introduced into organizational processes, it brought numerous advantages. Incorporation of information technologies into existing business environment has become an indispensable necessity of modern reality due to an ability of informational systems to grant a broad spectrum of opportunities and benefits. Maximization of efficiency, improved services, enhanced manufacturing capacities and supply chain lead to the industry’s growth and economic prosperity. This could hardly be possible without the new information and technological determinants, implemented to control and speed up the everyday business routines. Eventually, information ...

In comparison to the 1980’s, juvenile delinquency has been on the rise throughout the 1990’s and 2000’s. Personality traits and psychological theories explain delinquent behaviour among the juveniles. Psychological issues such as mental illnesses, dysfunctional homes, and influential songs and videos could have triggered events that led Bale Dale Loukaitis to hold algebra students hostage at the Front Middle School. The Psychiatry and psychoanalytical approach together with general personality trait theories would help understand the underlying factors to Loukaitis’ violent behaviour. To counter delinquency psychodynamic – psychoanalytical theories and personality theories can help identify common delinquents’ characteristic ...

Writing on a complex problem like adult learning can itself be a complex process. An adult student’s cultural literacy is formed over a lifetime of experiences with the written word and encompasses their expectations, their goals, and their understanding of their relationship to the broader world. It is no surprise, then, that I faced several challenges as I began to explore this issue and its impact on the educational experience. Being able to explain a complex concept to others requires you to first reach a complete understanding of the topic—no small task in itself, when faced with ...

At one point, different concepts and theories of the natural science meet at an explanation of phenomena in a manner that most scientists may not imagine. Such is the relationship between geology and physics. Geology, definitively, is the study of the composition and elements of earth. In an advanced understanding, geology defines the different aspects of the universe such as rocks and the processes by which they change. On the other hand, physics is the branch of natural science that details the understanding of matter force, energy and matter with their movement through time and space (Anand, 2002). With ...

Summary of theorists

SUMMARY OF THEORISTS

Ainsworth looks at attachment theory in three different classifications. The attachment theory brings out the difference in children’s behaviors at different ages. This is based on how they have been brought up by their parents. Ainsworth has been known best for developing Strange Situation as a tool for research and assessment. Ainsworth classified the theory of attachment into three different categories that were based on the observations she made during the Strange Situation experiment; Secure attachment looks at the environment where the children have the presence of their mothers. In such instances, the theory states ...

Conflict theorists view the society as an entity that is dynamic or an organization that is constantly undergoing change because of competition over scarce resources. The situation of scarce resources in the society creates social problems. The argument about the conflict perspective of social problems was heavily derived from Karl Marx’s ideas. According to Marx, the society is an entity that constantly undergoes change strongly motivated by class conflict. Class conflict is fueled largely by class interest. For a certain class to champion for its interest, it must struggle with another opposite class that has the same interest. ...

Sex and sexuality is one of the most important issues pertaining to women and gender studies. While sex refers to an individual’s gender, sexuality refers to an individual’s expression as a human being, which begins at birth and continues until death (Weeks 9). Sexuality is also defined as the relationship between an individual’s gender role and identity, body image, sexual orientation and relationships (Weeks 7). In other words, sexuality constitutes an individual’s values, attitudes, behavior and knowledge, and is mostly influenced by the family, culture and society. Some of the major sources of sexuality are ...

Introduction

The interest groups are extremely powerful in the Western countries as the source of the representation of the population in the political life of the country. In the contemporary society the shifts in the political arena of the communities are made as the result of the actions of the interested groups. These groups represent the formation of the citizens having the leverages for the exercising influence over the population. They have the power and opportunity to control the spread of the political ideas and behavior among the population. Meanwhile, the political life of the Western democratic countries is not ...

Linking Past Practices to Current Education

Erikson, Piaget, and Vygotsky have presented helpful insights that guide us to developmentally appropriate learning theories. Children’s interests and learning styles place the individual children at the center of the learning process as they are involved in rulemaking, hence the need for a DAP and child-centered teaching approaches. In DAP, the teacher respects the child's sequential patterns of development and individual differences to include developmentally appropriate practices. This means children should be left to be active participants in the learning process based on their interests rather than having a narrowly defined curriculum or pattern of learning. An important ...

Utilitarianism and Taxes

Taxes are an important part of most modern societies. Nevertheless, as with almost anything, one has the option of actually going through with the action or not. Some might say that not paying taxes would be acceptable, as this implies taking personal property away from one person. Nevertheless, Utilitarianists would surely agree that one should pay one’s taxes, as it would ensure that everybody’s needs are covered. According to Utilitarianists, ethics is a way to maximize the greatest amount of good among the greatest number of people, minimizing the harmful effects. Typically, taxes are not high, so ...

In Gridiron Gang, the character of Willie Weathery had many factors that could explain why he became delinquent. Family disruption, peers, gang membership, peer pressure, strain, community disorganization, social learning, low self-control and labeling are all theories and causes used to explain delinquent behavior and are all reasons why Willie Weathery engage in the delinquent act that landed him in juvenile detention. There is no single cause of delinquency. Many factors that combine to motivate a juvenile to engage in delinquent behavior.

FAMILY DISRUPTION

In the movie, Willie Weathery appears to live with his mother and younger brother. At no time ...

Smoking is a learned habit that has existed in the society for long. This allows us to understand how the habit affects health and wellbeing both. Though the country may make millions of dollars selling tobacco, it spends several times more on treating diseases caused by the smoking habit. Explain why sociology is useful in helping us to challenge the dominance of biomedicine and understand health and health care as shaped by biopsychosocial factors. The society we belong treats scientific knowledge as proven and reliable information to improve once understanding about the world we live. Biomedical understanding of diseases ...

CONTENTS

Team Learning in Global Organizations 2

I. The Concept of Team Learning 2 II. Why Team Learning is Important for Modern Organizations 3 III. Five Dimensions of Team Learning 4

A. Change Dimension 4

B. Permeability of Team Learning 4 C. Variance 4 D. The nature and type of knowledge 5

E. Process or outcome 5

IV. Unique features of team learning 5

A. Comparing individual and team learning 5

B. Comparing team learning and team performance 6 C. Comparing team learning and team development 6 V. Components of team learning 6 VI. Summary of the chapter 7

Team Learning in Global Organizations

The importance of teamwork can hardly be overestimated in today’s turbulent economy. The business practice shows that all most greatest projects ...

»WHILE THE ACCOUNTABILITY MECHANISMS OF PUBLICLY LISTED COMPANIES RESEMBLE THOSE OF DEMOCRATICALLY ELECTED GOVERNMENTS, IN PRACTICE, THESE MECHANISMS ARE OFTEN LARGELY INEFFECTIVE.«

Introduction 3

The Concept of Accountability 4 Governance and its Relationship to Accountability 5 Publicly listed companies and accountability 6 Accountability with regards to various participants 9 The Challenges of Technology 11 Conclusion 12

Bibliography 14

Introduction The governance and accountability of the corporate world has been a significant focus for many since the economy fell apart during the 2007 financial crisis. Prior to this event, there was a lot of public trust in corporate structures; however, after the financial crisis, ...

Computing is one of the most popular fields of study today, and for good reason: computers have changed the way that humanity deals with each other and with problems. Nearly every facet of life today is affected by computing and number theory, but the events leading up to the computer-heavy world that exists today is checkered and fascinating. The Universal Computer: The Road from Leibniz to Turing by Martin Davis is a text that explores the history of number theory and computing, from the early days of number theory right up to the birth of modern programming. There is ...

Abstract

Profound education is the basis for the successful career development and personal growth of any individual. Many scholars are trying to give an answer to the question of what makes the learning process more effective. Different aspects of learning theory provide answers to some of these questions. Theories of learning can be grouped into following three categories: behaviorist learning theories, cognitivist learning theories, and constructivist learning theories. Many researchers pay much attention to the process of scaffolding that is actively discussed as a significant element of learning process. The researcher Albert Bandura has devoted a number of his scientific ...

Abstract

Pretend play is one of the avenues through which children get to experience the world at an experiential level . It is through this form of play that the children get to develop key cognitive skills necessary for fully functional adults. Pretend play can take different forms, but the games have common features such as allowing room for children to vent their feelings and emotions while giving their description of actual and fictional objects. Various theories explain the importance of pretend play, with the Lev Vygotsky’s theory of cognitive development, offering essential insights on the importance of pretend play . ...

Introduction

Aggression is defined as a behavior that is violent or hostile in nature towards another person that positions the person in a state of attack or confrontation. Aggression can be verbal or physical once the individual has become angry or hostile. Aggression has been a controversial issue within many areas of research. Some researchers have posited that individuals with a diagnosis of a mental illness have no higher incidences of violence than the general population. Others have suggested that individuals with severe mental illness are more likely than the general population to have higher incidences of violence. There are ...

The Gender Discrimination in Criminal Justice System

Introduction Traditionally, women have not been viewed as criminals because of their less aggressive nature, making the act of crime to be mainly associated with the male gender. There are several theories brought forth to explain why the female gender would, or would not engage in crime. The theories, however, do not provide satisfactory explanations to the phenomenon leading to counterarguments. Also, the criminal justice of the United States of America has been viewed as discriminatory because it fails to address the gender needs of female offenders whose number has increased over time. This essay discusses the historical perspectives, ...

It was not long after the social websites like facebook and Instagram were introduced that people are starting posting their personal information and pictures quite freely for their friends and acquaintances to see. To be fair, the motive of these platforms was to find a way to socialize with friends through the use of the internet and for the longest time; these sites also took care of that particular wish of ours. We also have to consider here that after these websites had come out, in the beginning, the better part of us had more faith that the parties ...

Abstract

Sigmund Freud, the Father of Psychoanalysis, has made lasting contributions in the field of psychology because of his theory on psychosexual and personality development. His unorthodox psychological techniques and theory were influenced by his forerunners and then, after his lifetime, left a lasting impact about how nurture explains human consciousness and behavior, especially, on mental illnesses. His three aspect of the mind: superego, ego, and id, are apt psychodynamic explanations about the workings of the mind and human behavior among his avid followers of psychoanalysts. Further, his stages of psychosexual development: pre-genital, oral, etc., not to mention Oedipus and ...

Q2.Mustafa Kemal’s on the abolition of a caliphate and Hassan Al-Banna’s text “towards the light text” on political life. Mustafa Kemal and Hassan Al-Banna are two important figures in the history of the Arab world in terms of their influence to nationalism and the current state of their nations. To begin with, Mustafa Kemal was an author with a liberal mind that made his works and line of thought free from the influences of the situation at the time where people had limited line of thought owing to the forms of leadership and religion. While he did ...

This paper is on the issue of feminist morality. The paper provides arguments on the feminist critique of rights and the ethics of care. There is a detailed account of the tensions, differences that exists between ethics of care and rights ethics. Held makes significant contributions to the field of ethics of care. Held provides an account that is strategic and offers a framework that is consistent with the ethics of care. Likewise Samantha Brennan tries to champion the rights of women through feminist issues in the use of feminist ethics and feminist politics. Moral values that characterize care ...

The process of becoming fluent in writing and speaking a second language is a complex process that relies on a number of influences; individual personality characteristics such as maturity, past experiences, exposure to the new language, learning environment, motivation, and natural inclinations to adapting to new skills are some factors that promote or hinder progress. Research involving experimentation, investigation, and empirical studies has been conducted to describe individual factors that influence the quality and speed of children’s learning a second language and will be examined. Some children are born into multilingual families with different cultural backgrounds and it ...

The underlying makeup of human nature has been a primary focus of many philosophers throughout history, particularly the relationship between the individual and culture. According to noted psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud in Civilization and its Discontents, civilization is made up of individuals, each with their own anxieties and personality traits, their own needs and priorities being the essential focus of human nature. However, Ruth Benedict is much more focused on culture as the vehicle that establishes consistent actions and thought patterns that can be found within societies, each of which must be accepted and tolerated as individual to them. Comparing ...

Abstract

Many scholars in the management field have spent most of their time trying to come up with theories that explain management. The work of these theorists, however, has not gone to waste as there are very many theories that have come up as a result. Management theorists have been linked to improving the quality of products and services being offered by any organization by using their creative minds in developing ideas that solve problems. For one to be well conversant and an expert in the management field, he/she must study and try to emulate the work of these theorists. ...

The question of ethics has always been a complex one. For every answer that theories and theorists from various disciples have provided, an even more complex real life scenario has put to the test and, more often than not, thrown up new questions that require answers. It is for this reason that philosophers and theorists have constantly used analogies to illustrate their ideas. Alastair Norcross’s paper ‘Puppies, Pigs, and People’ highlights this technique perfectly. The core question being asked is whether or not it is ethical to pursue a certain pleasurable experience even if the pursuer if fully ...

The issue of feminism in the film industry is a common topic for controversial discussions. Many writers are more popular than others because of the ways in which feminism surfaces as the driving force behind their presentations. Feminism can be classified as a social movement that has created an enormous impact on culture of film, the theories of films and the critical reviews of films. A number of films represent the myths that reveal ideas on women and their femininity. In addition, there are films that speak to men and their masculinity. The issues of representation and spectatorship form ...

Human Rights and Obligation

There is a sheer need to balance out rights and obligation in the Australian context. Human beings have the basic urge to demand their own rights, but when it come to provide rights to other, the attitude remains indifferent. Citizens should be made aware of the notion that with every kind of benefit, it comes a sense of responsibility. Human rights are the rights inherent to all people equally irrespective of their caste, creed, race, sex, nationality, religion or any other status. Every human being is entitled to human rights without any discrimination. These rights are indivisible, interdependent and ...

1.Michel Foucault distinguishes between Sovereign Power and Disciplinary Power. (a)What are the essential elements of each type of power? (b) How would Foucault interpret Weber’s distinction between Catholicism and Calvinism? (c) How would Foucault assess Durkheim’s distinction between Mechanical Solidarity and Organic Solidarity? Michel Foucault’s philosophy is directly related to the concepts of power and security within a society. As such, Foucault frequently discusses the ways in which individuals should be punished for crimes against their society, and the parties that should be responsible for said punishment. The two chief types of power Foucault defines ...

CONTENTS

A. Introduction 3

B. Part I - Analysis of Strategic Capabilities of Wikipedia under RBV Model 4 Resource Based View Model in Wikipedia Perspective 6 Heterogeneity and immobility of Wikipedia resources 7 VRIO Nature of Wikipedia Resources 8 C. Part II - Wikipedia in Blue Ocean Dimension 9

Elimination Aspect 10

Performance Raise Aspect 11 Reduction Aspect 12 Creative Aspect 12 Complexity Theory: The Wikipedia Case 13 D. Conclusions 15

Bibliography 17

Introduction Wikipedia is the largest international online encyclopedia with free access and free content (Ling, 2011) . It is supported by the Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization registered and operating in the United States (The ...

OVERVIEW

The two theorists we chose for our research are Robert K. Merton and Peter Blau. Two famous American sociologists of XX century. Their theories will be applied to the article named Should we worry about gene editing which apparently exposes the author`s opinion upon the new biological researches and the ability of biologists to influence our body artificially. The credibility of an article is proved by the fact that the author of the article is Robert Klitzman, a renown professor of psychology at Columbia University. There are several ways of approaching the problem, but first of all, we ...

With the changes in the American cultural and the movement across countries, America is experiencing global changes that have impacted on the language and the people in the country. These changes have brought about new languages that allow persons to speak more than one language. But what do these changes mean for the society? Being bilingual does not change the way in which people live and adjust to the norms in the society. Instead, bilinguals are able to communicate on different levels in the society and among different cultures. Bilingualism stems from the influx of immigrants to the American ...

Society and sociology have a number of differing definitions, particularly as they relate to sociology as the study of society. Social theorists like Emile Durkheim and Georg Simmel saw society in different ways, with Simmel seeing society as a far more basic assemblage of human interactions, while Durkheim revolves his sense of society around the establishment of an objective world of society that is present regardless of the level of interaction of its subjects. However, both of these theorists explore the relationship between society and sociology, Simmel in particular views sociology as a means of examining the interaction between ...

A theory is a set of interrelated propositions that are used in guiding practice or explaining certain phenomena. Theories in the nursing profession play a crucial role in this regard. Theories help in explaining phenomena and organizing knowledge in the nursing practice. Additionally, theories help in predicting, explaining, prescribing and describing some aspects in the nursing profession. Through these roles, the theories provide guidance to the profession and help in improving practice and patient outcomes. This paper thus aims at describing, evaluating and discussing Katherine Kolcaba’s theory of comfort.

Theorists name and background

The theory of comfort is a mid-range theory that ...