Essays on TR

1.0 Background of Immune Tolerance

The immune system is the natural defense that combats disease causing agents in the body[ CITATION Gre02 \l 1033 ] through an intricate and coordinated interactions of many classes of proteins and cells[ CITATION Len00 \l 1033 ].The immune system has a potential to destroy the body cells but in all vertebrates the system is capable of distinguishing “self” from “non-self” molecules. That way the immune system eliminates pathogens and molecules that are a threat to the integrity of the organism without “self-destructing”[ CITATION Len00 \l 1033 ]. The human body has several mechanisms of either suppressing or eliminating autoreactive immune cells. Some ...

AQA Business Studies Unit 1

Question 1

(a). What is meant by the term random sample?

A sample is an item chosen from the total population, which is being studied. Therefore, a random sample is the number chosen, and it involves components that are unpredictable. This is selection of a few items to represent the entire population. The sample chosen does not represent the population from which it was drawn. This was an estimate done through survey and information from franchisors, which Tom estimated that it would be about 77000 customers in the first year according to his analysis (Dayananda, et. al. 56).

Random sample can be ...

Break-even point can be defined as the financial point/position where the costs used to produce a certain product equals the revenue it generates. At this point, the respective firm will have not received any profit or loss (Eddie, 2009).

Mathematically this can be represented by:

TC=TR

Where:

When a firm realizes its break-even point, it ought to assess if it will be possible to produce more quantities or not. If it can then they would be better off but if it can’t then they will have to reduce the fixed costs, variable ...