Essays on Traumatic Stress

Latha K. (2016). Assessment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Postnatal Mothers Who Under Went Emergency Lower Segmental Caesarean Section, Government Hospital, Tambaram. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2016; 8(3): 172-175. Gross, C., L. (2016). Maternal age and postpartum depression during the transition to parenthood. Kent State University. Pdf. Using Survey from mothers and analysis of data from National U.S. Survey of Women’s Childbearing Experiments, the authors analyzed the relationship between age of first birth and postpartum depression. The results showed that there was no significant association between the age of first birth and ...

Sex Trafficking Survivors

Muraya, D.N & Fry, D. (2016). Aftercare services for child victims of sex trafficking: A systematic review of policy and practice. Sage, 17(2); 204-220. The study employed the use of current practice, a systematic review of unpublished and published research and organizational policies to explore the various aftercare services that are afforded to the victims of child sex trafficking. The study explored the various services that children survivors involved in sex trafficking are provided with and the policies in place to ensure they are taken care of. There was need for the development of best practices related to the ...

The main stressor in the Smith’s family is the impending deployment of Tom to Afghanistan. Tom, his wife, and children are affected by this. In the reading, "Stressors Afflicting Families During Military Deployment", the author tells that lloneliness, financial insecurity, the discipline of the children, doubts, and concerns about the general well-being of the family, is the common cause of distress among military families, facing deployment. Recently a close family friend and a colleague of Tom has lost his life in a traumatic accident in Afghanistan. The family is going through emotional and social problems. The family is ...

Victimology

Post-traumatic stress disorder is a condition usually brought about by witnessing terrifying and in most cases life-threatening events. Such events are mostly psychological in nature and may include natural disasters, war or even other situations that may invoke the feelings of fear or helplessness. Inasmuch as a number of people may recover from the aftereffects of post-traumatic stress disorder, others experience symptoms that get worse with time which are then referred to as the product of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Any experience that acts as a threat to oneself is bound to trigger a fight or a freeze response to ...

In this paper, we will explore the psychological impacts of two human-made disasters. One that happened during the First World War, and the other one is a recent terrorist attack in Paris, in 2015. The Lusitania Disaster was an attack from the German army to a British ship liner coming from New York to Liverpool, UK. The terrorist attack in Paris however was not a war attack, so people were not expecting anything as such. However, it can be argued that we are on a war today, that begun by several attacks of radical Islamic groups against the West. ...

Introduction

Abuse of alcohol and prescription drugs is a nettlesome problem, as its incidence has risen since the beginning of the century. Long-term regular alcohol abuse sooner or later leads to alcohol dependence, mental shock, nervous system and internal organs diseases. Despite the commonly held belief, active-duty personnel in the military are not quite as tough as to be completely immune to the substance abuse problems that blight civilian populations. However, the exact number of the alcohol abusers is very difficult to determine because people tend not to share this information. Thus, the numbers among civilians are very rough as ...

Abstract

This article seeks to research about the day to day activities and traumatic events in the lives of the first responders, that include firefighters, policemen, and emergency medical teams (EMTs), and their impacts on their psychology. Research shows that the emergency workers are exposed to tragic events and incidents, in the line of duty on a daily basis, and has severe psychological impacts in some cases which last for many years to come. The first responders are exposed to a variety of traumatic events that include multiple casualties and events that involve a smaller number of victims. These events ...

Abstract

For decades, Afro-American have been facing higher incarceration, higher poverty rate and lower income in the United States as compared to White American. In every city of U.S, Afro-American face similar problem, although such problems are worse in some part of the state. The Afro-American in the city of Miami also face problems such mental illness, poverty, poor access to health services, crimes, accidents, violence and others which impact their way of life negatively. Mental health is linked to socioeconomic status as the people who are homeless, or have the problem of substance abuse have a higher risk of ...

More and more children are becoming a witness of domestic violence. Being a witness of domestic violence has a crucial effect on their development and behavior in future. This complicated situation is constantly being investigated not only by authorities, but also by psychologists in order to decrease the percentage of the cases, and find out possible ways of solution of rooting out the domestic violence at all. Recent research shows that more than 15 million children living in the United States are more likely to live in families where a case of domestic violence appeared once a year; and ...

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Depression is one of the most prevalent psychological disorders in the world, and it can be estimated with the help of a number of different instruments. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is one of the most popular self-assessment instruments in the world to determine depressive symptoms. This instrument was initially proposed by Aaron Temkin Beck and his colleagues, and has been used in over 7,000 studies (Wang & Gorenstein, 2013).

Revisions of BDI

Since its development, BDI has gone through two major revisions. One revision occurred in 1978, when it was modified into BDI-IA, and the second important revision occurred ...

Introduction

Racism is the ideology of racial inferiority/superiority at the individual, cultural, or institutional level that influences the perceptions and behavior of members of different racial groups towards others (Pieterse et al., 2011; Hoyt Jr., 2012). Research on the issue of racial prejudice has led to the association of perceived racism with poor psychological well being and psychological stress. Racism is an important concern in the present society due to the current prevalence of fatal violence against African Americans on the streets and even in church. It raises questions on the true incidence and impact of racial prejudice in the ...

Abstract

People today are exposed to highly stressful life situations. This challenging scenario raises potential threats to their physical and mental health. Psychological practitioners indicate that increased life stress accounts for a significant percent of mental health problems in the United States. The aim of this paper is to explore different aspects of trauma and stressor related disorders such as Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Although both these disorders have almost similar characteristics, the duration of impacts is different for ASD and PTSD. In a statistical study, it appears that the incidence rate of ASD and ...

Individual Project

Abstract This paper will explore the importance of police command of temper and demeanor. The paper will also address whether enough has been done in law enforcement at the level of selection and training and also discuss the issue of policies and procedures for police demeanor guidelines. Ways to measure effectiveness of such policies will also be addressed.

Introduction

In his seminal work, A History of the Nine Principles of Policing, Robert Peel of the London Metropolitan Police (LMP) mentioned two important principles of policing. First, “no quality is more indispensable to a policeman than a perfect command of temper; ...

Reference 1

Lambert, E. G., Minor, K. I., Gordon, J., Wells, J. B., and Hogan, N. L. (2016). Exploring the Correlates of Perceived Job Dangerousness Among Correctional Staff at a Maximum Security Prison. Criminal Justice Policy Review. 00 (0). DOI: 10.1177/0887403415623618. The signs of mental health disorders do not reveal themselves at work most of the time. Only in rare and isolated instances, will the potency of the problems manifest. In addition, the other correctional officers and staff might not have adequate knowledge to corroborate evidence. Hence, this peer-reviewed paper will provide the parameters for testing. The variables, components, variances, and ...

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Trauma / children trauma of separation Trauma refers to an emotional shock or wound often having long-lasting effects. This shock or wound could be caused by any accident, violence, or other such incidents, especially in the childhood, when a child feels completely helpless (Kaduson & Schaefer, 2012). Usually, trauma in the childhood is of great impact as the child is unable to use ordinary coping and defensive processes while facing any intolerable danger, anxiety, or instinctual arousal. These situations have such an overwhelming nature that they may result in an everlasting kind of impact on the mind ...

Introduction

David Eagleman’s (2015) book entitled The Brain details scientific discoveries about the way the human brain processes information. The book details the ways in which one’s sensory capabilities and sensory processing activities formulates the way in which one interprets the external environment. It is the combination of sensory capabilities and the processing of sensory input that is largely responsible for the “reality” that one experiences (Eagleman, 2015). The external environment or what humanity would collectively call “reality” is not necessarily what truly exists. Reality may in fact be more subjective or internal than previously thought. Therefore, one ...

Annotated Bibliography

Introduction The correctional system in the United States is a complex and overcrowded problem in recent times. The staff in these facilities is often undertrained and overworked. They lack the professional experience and due to heavy attrition rates, are unable to operate any reliable mentoring programs. This gap increases the stress which exceeds the paradigm of work and invades the private lives of the correctional staff. This paper unlocks the psychological problems that fester correctional staff in the United States. Annotated Bibliography 1. Lambert, E. G., Minor, K. I., Gordon, J., Wells, J. B., and Hogan, N. L. (2016). ...

INTRODUCTION

When something terrible happens the first thing that most people do is call 911 and they send first responders, which include police, EMTs, paramedics and firefighters, to face the brunt of a car accident, a fire, or all too often in the modern era, mass shootings and possible explosions. That said these first responders very often face serious psychological impacts from the kind of scenarios that they find themselves, from a gunshot wounds to the dismembered bodies of accident victims they see it all, raw and unavoidable. The risk factors for first responders is severe and has lasting effects ...

In this adjustment case study, I will review two storycorps recordings. The first recordings is that of a mother and daughter. The mother is facing the end of her life and discusses these issues with her daughter. In the second recording, a military veteran deals with the symptom of guilt associated with Post Traumatic Stress Disorder due to a military experience wherin many soldiers were killed. The veteran meets on storycorps with the wife of one of the men killed during the incident. Following a summary of these two cases, I discuss three evidence based strategies that may be ...

A study published in Current Psychiatric Reports in 2016 approached the topic of the treatment of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) after incidences of trauma (Qi, Gevonden and Shalev). The link to the article is http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4723637/. PTSD as a result of various types of traumas may result in different levels of disability. As methods of recognition improve, the numbers of diagnosed PTSD sufferers continue to rise. Subsequently, the research exploring causes, prevention, and treatment has become the most widely addressed post-traumatic topic and has evolved into an actual PTSD psychopathology. However, treatment options remain inconsistent for application. The article by ...

Introduction

While many indigenous Australian families live in happy hopes, there are those who are victims of domestic violence and partner abuse. Some families are still unable to deal with past generational trauma that resulted from family abuse, and it is passed to their children. Children from this indigenous community are exposed to violence, family disintegration and financial stress. This program will examine these effects and explore how they can be tackled. It will focus on design and delivery of trauma services and care (Bradshow et al, 2005, p.28).

Steps that the program will take to ensure that it is culturally sensitive, safe and appropriate

A culturally sensitive program respects the community’s beliefs, values and ...

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The Importance of Freedom

Freedom is taken for granted by many people because of the fact that they have never known anything else. Because of this fact; the importance of freedom is not even thought about. Freedom is very important to people for varied reasons. Having the ability to speak freely and to also pursue happiness is just two of the benefits that come with being free. Another benefit is that freedom leads to enhanced expressions of creativity allowing an individual the ability to think creatively, to be productive, and to enjoy a very good quality of ...

A THERAPY PROGRAM FOR VICTIMS OF POST ELECTION VIOLENCE IN KENYA

After the controversial elections that took place in Kenya, there were problems that required intervention, from within the country as well as through the international community. Several people lost their homes, causing them to become internally displaced; others lost their businesses, farms and loved ones. People experienced harsh realities brought about by tribal clashes that were spread out over most of the country (Linke, 2013). The violence occurred over a period of nearly three months on counting, during this time people, developed bitterness and hatred and others experience post-traumatic stress among other psychological implications (Perkonigg, Kessler, Storz, & Wittchen, 2000). ...

The short story “The Red Convertible” was written by Louise Erdrich and it is about two brothers and their relationship. The two brothers have a great relationship and they do everything together which includes buying the car, a red convertible which is the symbol of youth, freedom, fun and normal life. The story is told from the perspective of the younger brother, Lyman, and it is about the older brother, Henry, who comes back from Vietnam after having been in war for three years. He develops PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder which makes him take his life in the end ...

Work environments affect individuals physically, psychologically, spiritually and/or emotionally. Palliative care began with the aim of relieving suffering while enhancing the quality of life and it continued to advance beyond end-of-life care to involve all aspects of the disease continuum. Work done by these nurses is influenced by both the work environment and patient status, causing stresses. These stresses are caused by factors such as constant exposure to pain and suffering of patients, failed attempts at alleviation of suffering, patients’ family. There are three concepts associated with the consequences of caring work; compassion fatigue, burnout and vicarious traumatization. Compassion ...

Introduction

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops because of exposure to a traumatic experience. According to the Institute of Medicine (2012), the vital element of PTSD is the development of the characteristic symptoms that follow exposure to extreme traumatic stressors, including personal experiences. For an event to cause PTSD, it has should have had an actual or implied dire injury or near death experience to the victim. Such events could also threaten one’s physical and psychological integrity. The most common traumatic events happen during military combat, hostage situations, violent assault, torture, terrorist attacks, and disasters. While PSTD is most common ...

Senior seminar of Psychology

Fairleigh Dickinson University The main point of this paper is to discuss how Cognitive behavioral therapy can be an effective treatment for Posttraumatic stress Disorder. In today’s world we are able to see how this topic is can be relevant to our lives. Not everybody has the misfortunate of having to go through such a tough disorder. But we never know if there will be a time where it might just hit us or significant others. Therefore having knowledge of this disorder is very important especially for those people that are frequently going through tough times in their ...

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Abstract Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that is associated with serious kind of traumatic events and can result in the development of suicidal thoughts. The problem of PTSD can develop in any person, but veterans have more chances of getting this disorder. Moreover, veterans may require more effective ways of treating the disorder as cognitive behavioral therapy, Prolonged Exposure, and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction are unable to give required results. Therefore, spiritual and religious ways of living a life are considered for treating the patients of PTSD, who have developed the problem as a ...

In short, not everyone who experiences traumatic episodes is diagnosed with PTSD. It is really a situation that depends upon the individual. Some individuals, for example, can go through a traumatic episode and never experience symptoms of PTSD. At the same time, some individuals can experience what many would consider to minor stress related issues in life, yet encounter PTSD with a vengeance. When many people encounter a traumatic experience, they will feel sad, frightened, disconnected, or possibly anxious. These feelings are quite normal within the span of human emotions. For many people, these feelings will be short lived ...

Local domestic violence is a social problem that leaves the victims suffering a myriad of challenges. These problems encompass physical torture, deprivation, emotional and psychological problems. While the physical torture leaves the victims in need of medical care and a place where their hearts can heal, their mental problems and emotional issues remain in need of attention until help is availed to them. Evidence shows that cases of local domestic violence are still high in the United States. Further studies have associated local domestic violence to post-traumatic stress disorders which leave the victims suffering even longer after the violence ...

Introduction

Most of the individuals of all ages experience at least one traumatic event in their life, which is followed by the wide range of reactions (Greenberg, Brooks and Dunn, 2015, p.1). Most researchers however claim that it affects women more as compared to their male counterparts (Sumner et al, 2015). Though post-trauma reactions appeared in literature throughout history, in last year’s numerous scientists and researchers began investigating various effects of traumatic experiences that may have significant influence on mental and physical health. This paper is focused on a relatively new diagnosis called Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) which is ...

Child sexual abuse is when one uses a child for sexual stimulation. It is also known as child molestation. There are different ways in which a child can be sexually abused. One way is involving in sexual activity with the child, indecent exposure to the child or using the child for child pornography. Child molestation can occur in different areas including home, school or any other social area. Another form of child molestation is the child marriages, which is considered to be one of the most prevalent forms of child sexual abuse. Child sexual abuse is a form of ...

Abstract

PTSD symptoms among adolescents are largely connected with early start of alcohol usage hence making it imperative to diagnose and treat PTSD-associated signs before they escalate to chronic levels. Children with a number of post-traumatic stress disorders are more likely to engage in alcohol abuse than adolescents who are not exposed to trauma. With alarming rates at which adolescents use alcohol, it is appropriate that research activities be undertaken to investigate the abuse of alcohol among adolescents with PTSD. It is imperative to reduce fatality incidences of PTSD by providing the necessary support from psychiatrics professionals, family members and ...

<Institution> Every year, more than 4.5 million women experience physical violence from their partner (Vagianos, 2014). This number only presents the victims of one form of domestic violence. Although 15 percent of men also experience some form of domestic violence, women are still more likely to be victimized at 85 percent (Vagianos, 2014). This issue has been affecting the society for many years, and it continue to do so. In fact, in 2011, the number of American soldiers (6488) that were killed in the Afghanistan war was only half of the women who were killed by their partners ( ...

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that is related to serious traumatic events and is characterized by such symptoms as survivor guilt, reliving the trauma in dreams, numbness, and absence of involvement with reality, or recurrent thoughts and images. Research shows that reliable and modest gender differences exist in the growth of PTSD (Vishnevsky 110). Researchers also found that the risk of PTSD could vary in women because of type of trauma and prior history of trauma. However, the risk for PTSD in men is not much affected by the type of trauma and history of trauma. ...

Jane Doe

On average stress is generally a topic that is common to adults; however, children experience stress as well. The stress children experience range from traumatic incidents to basic behavioral issues that create additional challenges in life. Stress is unhealthy for adults, and equally as debilitating to children. Stress in children actually concerns due to the interference it can have on cognitive and developmental abilities. The stress that children face could have long-term repercussions on the entirety of their lives, which makes it incredibly important to manage. Parents, teachers, and doctors who interact with children experiencing high levels of stress ...

In a world full of violence, people are all victims and there must be a reason behind it. Moreover, committing crimes are not limited to adults. Teenagers nowadays are very active in the scene of crimes. Teenage rape, Street Gangs, School Massacres are few of the events that have brought damage to the image of modern youth. Violence is inevitable in a community. It is normal that a person deviates from the common flow of life. This means that not all people can follow government rules and cultural norms. As a result, crimes would be committed. However, the case ...

(Institution Name) It is emphasized by the global peacekeeping organizations that countries resolve their conflicts through table talk and that they should refrain from carrying out full on offense against each other. The reason behind this is that when conflicts go violent and turn into wars, then they bring devastation to the public of the related states. No matter how weak or feeble one of the competitors seems, there is always potential for it to hurt the stronger opponent hard. The illiterate and weaponless militants of the most devastated and unstable region like Afghanistan were able to bring down, ...

Impact of Child Sexual Abuse Trauma

Impact of Child Sexual Abuse Trauma The subject of sexual abuse in children has elicited heated debates for decades now. Presently, virtually everyone claims to know what child sexual abuse is, what it entails, and why it is wrong. There exists an extensive literature on the traumatic effects that the vice has on both the victims and those connected to them. Ironically, knowledge of child sexual abuse seems to reinforce the vicious. Only a few decades ago, this subject was non-existent in scholarly debates yet the rate at which the cases occurred, and subsequently reported, were significantly lower. Today, ...

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Introduction The aim of this paper is to provide a thorough review of a scholarly article. Thus, this assessment of the article will illustrate how fear conditioning is at the core of the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). PTSD is an anxiety-related, mental disorder that can result from experiencing a life-threatening stressor (e.g., a car accident, natural disaster, war and combat, and all forms of abuse (Meyers et al., 2013).The source chosen are used to support how the formation of PTSD symptoms such as fear, anger, and anxiety are a product of classical conditioning (fear conditioning)(Duits ...

Description

This research paper focuses on the Homeless Veterans in Southern California. Veterans make up 34% of the population in the US. Three percent of all veterans are women. Eleven percent of the veterans are considered homeless with about 400,000 falling to the problem of homelessness every year (Tsai, Pietrzak & Rosenheck, 2013). As a community of interest, the Homeless Veterans in Southern California comprise of men and women that survived wars such as the Vietnam War, the Gulf War, and the Afghan and Iraq wars. The ages of the veterans tally with the age and time when they were ...

Introduction

Individuals who are suffering from learning disabilities need attention, reinforcement, and care. The delivery of the stated elements allows them to appear with a robust wisdom of self-worth, self-assurance, and the willpower to behave actively in critical situations. Continuous research provides evidence that attests to the ability of children with learning disabilities to adopt and learn. Consequently, it is the responsibility of teachers and schools to foster the integration of these children to teach them to cope and learn, as well as to compete favorably and hold their knowledge with their heads held high among their counterparts in school. ...

Suicide in the Military

Over the last decade, an increase in the number suicides has been noted in the military (Castro & Kintzle, 2014; Rudd et al., 2015). Research studies have related mental health issues such as anxiety, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, and substance abuse or dependence among active and inactive servicemen. Notably, the rate of hospitalization due to mental health problems and suicide ideation has risen rapidly in the military circles over the last ten years (Castro & Kintzle, 2014). Many social workers have used the military transition theory to illustrate the possible causes of increased psychological health issues among war veterans that ...

Domestic violence is a willful behavior where one person controls the other, which can take the form of abuse, intimidation, or assault. This behavior is systematic that can sometimes include psychological or objective violence. In domestic violence, the pattern of control and power is always perpetrated by one intimate partner against another, but the severity and frequency of the violence may vary dramatically. It is an epidemic that has affected persons of every community, whether they are from different country, have different ages, sex, religion, gender, economic status or sexual orientation. It has been observed that the victim has ...