Essays on Urinary System

Human sexuality can be considered as a controversial issue in today’s society. The emergence of the different concepts of gender and sexuality have solicited different perspective and points of view regarding the issue. However, one of the most technical, yet also practical way of approaching this topic, is through th application of evidences provided by science. 1.3 Self-Test 1. Two of the most well-known scientists when it comes to the study of sexuality are Havelock Ellis and Alfred Kinsey. The most notable contribution of Ellis in this field of study, is his thorough work on the Modern Sexual ...

Abstract

Herbivores exclusively feed on plants while carnivores feed on meat. These food preferences mean that there are differences in the oral cavities, the stomach, the small intestines and the entire digestive tract mechanisms of the two types of animals. While carnivores such as lions have short digestive tracts with stronger and more acidic digestive juices because meat is easier to digest, herbivores such as zebras have long digestive tracts that are alkaline to increase the rate of digestion and absorption of plant materials. The basic difference between carnivores and herbivores is that they exclusively feed on meat and plants ...

InstitutionalAffiliation

Staph Infections Definition of Staph Infections The word “Staph” is a short form of the word “Staphylococci” which is the name of the bacteria that causes various infections. Staphylococcal infections, commonly referred to as Staph infections are a group of infections caused by the said bacteria. The infections can result in a wide range of infections including skin infections, lung infections, heart infections and blood infections. Most of these infections are caused by a group of Staphylococci bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus. This group of bacteria is responsible for various infections including skin infections, pneumonia, food poisoning, blood poisoning and ...

UTI presents with pain when urinating, a strong and persistent urge to pass urine, cloudiness in urine, strong odor in urine, pelvic pain, colored urine and frequent passing of urine in small quantities (Foxman, 2014. Presenting with the above symptoms is confirmation for the presence of a UTI. However, in other cases, a similar, yet close disorder named IC (interstitial cystitis) may be present. Both conditions present with fever and chills, colored urine that is cloudy, abnormal frequent urination, itching when urinating and persistent urge to urinate. In order to differentiate UTI from IC, a physician may request for ...

I take roughly three meals every day with a small serving of an extra snack to complement at the end of the day. The size and portions of my serving may differ depending on how hungry I may be but overall I try to maintain a healthy eating habit with some elements being consistent like water and a fruit and vegetable serving to ensure I have not only very essential micronutrients but also non-nutrient elements like roughage to ease digestion and bowel movement while avoiding conditions like indigestion. On the very first day I took three meals on that ...

Diabetes in America: Research Proposal

Given the recognition and on-going research into the disease of diabetes, there has probably been thousands and perhaps millions of books and articles written on the subject. The most commonly recognized types are type 1 and types 2 diabetes, but others include gestational, monogeneic, and cystic-fibrosis related diabetes (NIDDK, 2017). It is impossible to determine how many people in the world have diabetes or how many will develop it. The estimates of the amount of money spent in patient care and research are only guesses, and the suffering by diabetes and their loved ones is incalculable. However, this paper ...

ETHICAL VIOLATIONS BY ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS

The Law and Order SUV episode Parole Violations is a trip on the dark side of law enforcement. The story is a look at how people in power within the enforcement system, in particular, Parole Officers, can and do use their power to manipulate and control parolees, who are entrusted by the system to their care and direction. Parolees are often struggling to find their way while fighting the stigma of being a convicted criminal. This episode examines some concepts that go against the norm, such as whether to believe the word of a convicted criminal over that of ...

The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is one of the most recent epidemics in Western Africa. People fear this type of disease due to its contagious characteristic and high mortality rate. The EVD is caused by the groups of Ebola viruses and it could affect humans and several species of primates. In 2015, there are more than 28,000 cases of EVD reported in West Africa which resulted to more than 11,000 deaths (Uyeki et al. np). Challenges to combat the effects of this epidemic have been the major barriers in West Africa such as lack of resources and ...

Analgesics and opioids have been widely used for the treatment and management of chronic pain in the healthcare sector. Opioids provide better and faster relief to patients with chronic pain compared to non-opioid analgesics. However, the long-term effects of opioids can be devastating. Cancer patients often require comprehensive treatment with respect to pain management. Opioids is considered as the gold standard for most cancer patients with chronic pain which may relate to improved quality of life and improved patient satisfaction. Opioids have a history for substance abuse and the same appears to be a risk to cancer patients. Based ...

Abstract

This essay is focused on reproductive diseases, which are considered to be conditions affecting both male and female individuals. Congenital anomaly, to be specific, is a kidney disease which entails absence, hypoplasia or the presence of fluid or semisolid-filled sacs, known as cysts. Cysts can lead to urinary obstructive symptoms through local pressure. Severe penis anomalies are rare and are normally related to urinary or various other systematic defects. Even though there are no specific cases reported in the State of Florida, various reports have been filed in United States, Canada, among Asian Americans and Native Americans, in Russia ...

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder, which is based on the formation of insulin deficiency and an increase in blood glucose levels. Among metabolic disorders the diabetes occupies a second place after obesity. In the world about 10% of the population suffer from diabetes, however, when one considers hidden form of the disease, this figure can be 3-4 times higher. Diabetes develops due to chronic deficiency of insulin and it is accompanied by disorders of carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism. By interfacing with other diseases endocrinology highlights symptomatic (secondary) and true diabetes. Symptomatic diabetes accompanies diseases of the endocrine ...

Following the case study of "healing and autonomy," while observing the Christian narrative; it involves a family of four. There are grappling with their son's acute illness that is kidney failure. The problem can only now be addressed through an organ transplant whereby in case it fails, he will succumb to the disease. The family comprises of parents Joanne and Mike and the two boys who are twins Samuel and James aged eight years. In the case, a spiritual conundrum and health care have emerged, and it puts the family in a dilemma in deciding what to do for ...

Briefly discuss the absorption process and sites of biotin, folate. cobalamin, and ascorbic acid

In essence, human beings cannot synthesize biotin, and therefore the vitamin is required in water soluble form to perform the normal cellular function. The absorption process of biotin takes place in the small and large intestines (Said, 2011). The process involves the Na+ carrier that transports the vitamin in human beings. The sodium-dependent transports, also written as hSMVT is expressed in the apical membrane of the enterocytes. Folates exist as polyglutamate in the diet, which enables them to be converted to mono glutamates through an enzymatic process. The absorption process of the vitamin takes place in the intestines with ...

Human Dignity and the Organ Trade

Organ donation is a gracious act that adds more years to a sick individual’s life as it allows them to live a longer and healthier life. Those with end-stage heart, eye, or kidney diseases live longer than those who receive other treatment methods such as dialysis or oral medications. The problem is that there is a shortage of organs for transplantation all over the world. The list of patients waiting for donors run in the hundreds of thousands, with about 100,000 of them waiting for kidney donors alone. This has led to questions about the possibility of ...

Organ donation is a gracious act that adds more years to a sick individual’s life. It allows them to live a longer and healthier life than what they have had before. Those with end-stage heart, eye, or kidney diseases live longer than those who receive other treatment methods such as dialysis or oral medications. Those who receive organs from a living donor are said to live 12 to 20 more years as compared with those who receive organ donation from a deceased donor. However, regardless of where the organs come from, the reality is that there is a ...

Subjective

MN is a 75 y/o African-American female who presents with complaints of shortness of breath, nausea, reduced urine output, fatigue and swellings in the legs as well as the ankles. The patient states that her symptoms began three days prior to her visit to the clinic and has had a decreased urine volume. Initially, the patients attributed the symptoms, especially nausea and fatigue to the side effects of the medications that she used in managing hypertension and diabetes. However, she states that the symptoms have gradually worsened and that was the reason for visiting the clinic. Past medical history: ...

Introduction p. 3

Significance p. 4 Trend Drivers and Patterns p. 5 Impact on the Hospitality Industry p. 7 Subway: A Case Study p. 7 Impact on Future Professional Development p. 9 Conclusion p. 10 References p. 11 Chemicals in the food chain and the relevance to the hospitality industry. 1.0 Introduction: In the past, the process of a food chain was simple; foods were eaten as they were produces due to lack of preservation techniques. While it was considered to be important, food was categorized as just a commodity (Gauther, 2012). As industrialization increased, farmers became more distant from consumers and ...

(Author’s affiliation) Diabetes is a polygenic disease characterized by significantly higher levels of glucose in the blood. In this disorder, metabolic disorders lead to persistent thirst (polydipsia) and excessive level of urination (polyuria). Diabetes is caused by insulin-related disturbances in the body. In healthy human beings, pancreatic β cells have insulin that is found as a hexamer having three insulin dimers attached together by two central zinc ions. The insulin monomer has a 21-residue A chain as well as a 30-residue B chain. These chains are cross-linked by two disulfide bridges, i.e. CysA20-CysB19 and CysA7-CysB7. There is also a ...

Effect heat has on nociceptors

Nociceptors are pain receptors activated by neuropathic or nociceptive stimuli released during pain towards impending or actual tissue injury (Dubin, 2010). Nociceptors frequently are related to the perception of pain are evoked when the pressure and temperature are at a level considered extreme that can cause injuries to tissues and secondly by toxic molecule and inflammatory mediators. In most instances, these injuries concentrate on one section of the skin, blocking the flow of blood. Heat or cold assists in subsecond somatopic withdrawal response the two act as stimuli to depolarize outer terminals resulting in the production of the receptor ...

Abstract

Rose hip (Rosa Canina), often cultivated for its fruits, are orange-red oval berries, which seeds (including shells) are used in supporting the treatment of bladder infection, diarrhea, diabetes, and related conditions often in the form of a 3-g powdered seeds capsule. Its seed oil contains ascorbic acid, carotenoids, polyphenols, and GOPO, which reduces inflammation and pain, and lowers inflammatory markers. Extraction methods used include solvent extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, and subcritical fluid extraction. Licensed rose hip supplement products include Hyben Vital and LitoZin/i-flex. Hyben Vital dosage is twice daily for 3 to 4 months to reduce osteoarthritic pain and ...

ABSTRACT

There are so many things in the world that can make people very sick and in some cases can claim their lives. That being said if there are ways to avoid sickness then it should be embraced. Foodborne illnesses are all too common in modern society. Again, they are very common, but also highly preventable. If businesses and the general public dedicate themselves to greater efforts in food safety then these illnesses would never really be a threat. Understanding foodborne illness better it is best to look at some of the most common sources of foodborne illness, including Salmonella, ...

‘Author’s name’

‘Institution’ The World Health Organization (WHO) defines diabetes as a serious and chronic disease that occurs either when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or when the body cannot effectively use the insulin it produces. Diabetes is considered to be a major public health problem as its prevalence steadily increases over the past few decades. This disease can result to several complications affecting different parts of the body, which can consequently result to an increased risk for premature death. Among the possible complications of diabetes are vision loss and kidney failure. (World Health Organization, 2016) Ophthalmic complications are ...

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine various reasons why some people agree to participate in organ donation while others do not. Furthermore, the paper will discuss the death rates that have been raising Australia due to lack of organ donors. In this regard, the research points out that the most informed people have no problem discussing their death or organ transplants while those that are uninformed rely on fictional TV dramas and Ick factors to disregard organ donation. Religion has also been considered as a topic for this discussion because while other denominations believe in acts of ...

Hypertension in children is becoming a growing healthcare concern in America. It is quite common to see reports of hypertension in children. Most cases of hypertension in children remains undiagnosed and therefore the present prevalence is an underestimation of the real scenario. Unlike adults, the normal blood pressure values in children can vary based on their age and height, and thus borderline cases of hypertension, escape diagnosis. Sedentary lifestyle and obesity are important risk factors for hypertension in children. Through proper lifestyle practices and diet, hypertension can be prevented in children. Preventing hypertension in children is important as hypertension ...

According to Healthy People 2020 (2017), DM tends to occur when the body fails to produce sufficient insulin or fails to respond effectively to insulin. Insulin is responsible for the release of sugar required to energize the body’s cells. Therefore, when the insulin signaling system is affected, the body suffers from elevated levels of blood glucose, leading to metabolic abnormalities. Healthy People 2020 (2017) identifies three types of DM as expounded below: Type 1 Diabetes- This condition is commonly found in children and young adults. Affected individuals experience extremely high blood sugar levels as a result of the ...

Use of Diabetes Education Interventions among Adults with Diabetes

Introduction Currently, 27% of total adults above the age of 60 suffer from diabetic conditions (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2016). A majority percentage (Between 90-95%) of this group has type II diabetes. In effect, it is clear that continuous research must be performed diligently and effectively in order to find measures that are aimed at controlling the effects of diabetes amongst this adult group. For many years, older adults have been sidelined when it comes to diabetes education interventions, especially those over 60 years of age. According to Beverly, Fitzgerald, Sitnikov, Ganda, OCaballero, and ...

Services that the center should provide:

The center will provide mainly outpatient services including diagnosis and treatment. The location of the facility informs this decision. The facility is located in a mall. There are a number of advantages towards having the facility located in the mall. The biggest of these reasons is that a mall is convenient to its users. The design of malls ensures that a user can access multiple services under the same roof. It is therefore advantageous for the hospital facility to be located within the mall. Customers visiting the mall can access health services easily. However, the convenience of the mall ...

The case is based on acute right quadrant abdominal pain of Mrs. DC who comes to the emergency department. She states that the pain occurred after dinner and has steadily increased. She complains that the pain has increased substantially which has moved towards her back. She also reports to feel bloated and gassy (Yarmish, et al. 2014). The cause of upper right quadrant pain can be due to varied reasons which is based on the general conditions, age, and sex of the patient (Mazzei, et al. 2013). The medical history and physical examination of the patient would help in ...

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Human organs for sale! As odd as it may sound, there is really an existing industry that caters to those who need organ replacement to save and prolong their lives. However, this industry is not legal, and it is commonly known as the organ black market. As of January 2016, the National Kidney Foundation reports that more than 100,000 people in the U.S. are waiting for kidney transplants. A person, on the average, needs to wait around 3 years before getting a donor. Aside from kidney, many other organs are also in demand, such as liver ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

A 71-year old patient was admitted to the hospital. The patient had a history of type-2 diabetes, peripheral vascular insufficiency, and severe kind of chronic kidney disease (i.e. Stage 5) that was occurred due to diabetic nephropathy. In the past 10 months, the patient underwent the process of hemodialysis 3 times per week for 3 hours and 30 minutes every time. The patient was increasingly showing forgetfulness in the past year. In the past 2 weeks, the patient also started showing confusion and having visual hallucinations, and the symptoms of the patient become more persistent in ...

(Author, Department, University,

Corresponding Address and email)

Hypernatremia and hyponatremia Hypernatremia and hyponatremia are among the most common electrolyte disorders in older people. Hypernatremia is caused by an increase in the concentration of the sodium in extracellular serum to more than 145 mEq per L. On the other hand, hyponatremia is caused by a decrease in the concentration of sodium in body, i.e. less than 135 mEq per L. Hyponatremia can be acute or chronic (Buttaro, 2013). Both hypernatremia and hyponatremia are commonly found clinical problems in critically ill patients. They are often asymptomatic, but in some patients their symptoms appear that can ...

Application– Chronic Kidney Disease

(Author, Department, University,

Chronic Kidney Disease Chronic kidney disease is related to a decrease in kidney function or damage to the kidney function for a minimum of 3 months. Actually, it is an ongoing process in which nephrons’ functioning decrease, glomeruli are destroyed, and glomerular stress is increased as a result of more work by surviving glomeruli to increase glomerular filtration rate (GFR); thereby, resulting in predictable steady decline of the function of kidneys (Buttaro, 2013). Chronic kidney disease is usually difficult to detect or grasp, and symptoms may not appear with a GFR more than 35%. However, when ...

2017-01-02

Abstract The issue of such parasitic disease as toxoplasmosis is presented in this paper. This disease is caused by the pathogen Toxoplasma gondii. The cases of toxoplasmosis are more prevalent in African countries and countries of Latin and South America. The toxoplasmosis usually has final and intermediary owners: domestic animals (primarily cats) are the intermediary owners and they can infect human. There are different forms of the toxoplasmosis. The adult organism with the strong immune system may not even notice that he is sick. At the same time, the common symptoms of the toxoplasmosis are similar to the acute ...

Analysis of GMOs Effects on Human Health

Introduction The study of genetically modified organisms has grown to be a topic of concern in the contemporary world. In particular, there exist regulatory procedures that guide the process of approval of the genetically modified crops and foodstuffs (DeFrancesco 796). The only technique that enables the assessment of such issues is the introduction of the mechanisms like the toxicological tests, for example, in mammals, through the performance of such a process over longer time intervals incorporating detailed blood as well as organ system analysis (Séralini et al. 1). However, it has been challenging to carry out such initiatives ...

Abstract

Regretfully, diagnosis of diabetes is very common nowadays. Diabetes has become a worldwide epidemic and one of the leading causes of premature morbidity and mortality because it often leads to amputation of limbs, loss of sight, kidney failure and provokes cardiovascular disease. However, it is not that hard to suspect a high risk of developing diabetes or the disease itself before the analysis of blood sugar levels. Many of the signs of diabetes are visible to the naked eye. Paying attention to them in timely manner can avoid the severe consequences of the disease. Patients with diabetes can lead ...

Chapter One: Introduction to Pre-Eclampsia Study

Chapter One: Introduction to Pre-Eclampsia Study As one of the leading global causes of maternal mortality, pre-eclampsia and related conditions have a remarkably wide impact (Sibai, Dekker & Kupferminc, 2005; Ghulmiyyah & Sibai, 2012). Diseases like pre-eclampsia can strike women of any age and with any socioeconomic background. The issues associated with pre-eclampsia are global, but there are certain populations that are more heavily impacted than others—and these populations are the ones that require investigation (Sibai, Dekker & Kupferminc, 2005). Pre-eclampsia is a condition that is associated with high maternal blood pressure and protein in maternal urine, but it is a ...

Diseases and disorders occur due to many reasons such as bacterial or viral infections, can genetically be inherited or they can be linked to nutritional deficiencies. One such disease linked with nutritional deprivation is termed as Rickets or Osteomalacia. It is an illness which has been around for many centuries and mainly affects children. However, the prevention of rickets has been made possible with research and discovering the factors which can help improve bodily health. Yet, the disease is a commonly recurring one in developing countries where infants and young children are exposed to a nutritional deficiency of Vitamin ...

Cadmium has a broad range of industrial applications in the modern world. Some of the uses include the following: manufacture of batteries, stabilizer for plastics, electroplating, and in the production of pigments. Cadmium exhibits several health effects. Some of the short-term health effects associated with the exposure to cadmium include the following: pulmonary and bronchial irritation and the impairment of the lung functions. On the other hand, the long-term health effects include the build-up of cadmium in the kidney that eventually causes kidney disease, impairment of the liver and the immune system, and effects of the lung such as ...

{Author Name [first-name middle-name-initials last-name]} {Institution Affiliation [name of Author’s institute]}

Question 1: Pathophysiology of Mr. Jensen’s post-operative hypovolemia

Hypovolemia is a surgical condition that indicates the rapid fluid loss that may result in organ failures. The outcomes of the hypovolemia are mostly due to insufficient circulating volume or scarce perfusion. Often hypovolemia is secondary to hemorrhage the reason of which includes severe internal or external blood loss and GI, thoracic and abdominal bleeding maladies (Devitt, 2001). Hypovolemia involves significant fluid loss other than blood that can be further accompanied by refractory gastroenteritis and widespread burns. Hypovolemia may develop in post-surgical incidence, bone fracture, due to ...

04 September 20XX

Markets work as the most efficient way to allocate scarce resources for which there are alternative uses. This is the theme carried through Thomas Sowell’s Basic Economics. And this is the point that Becker and Elias offer in their Wall Street Journal article. They make the case that people are literally dying from a lack of organs that they need to survive. And they make the point that it is especially true in the case of kidneys. Live donors can survive perfectly well with one kidney. Such donations are becoming common, but usually among family ...

Ebola virus disease, formerly described as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, refers to a severe illness that is usually deadly in humans. Wild animals transmit the virus to human populations where it spreads through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. Typically, the disease has a fatality rate of nearly 50% with past outbreak cases recording fatality rates ranging between 25% and 90% (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). For example, an Ebola epidemic in West Africa reported in 2014 caused global panic because it was “the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered” (WHO, 2016). In ...

Q1: Prioritizing patient care will help to complete nurse’s shift duties without any adverse patient complication. Prioritizing will help to plan out the day and in managing the cases in the most effective way (Alfaro-LeFevre 2014). The best path to plan care for the patient with different medical and surgical priorities is to set timed objectives and meet the discharge goals based on the urgency of the medical or surgical condition. The handover from the staff of the previous shift provided the information for 4 patients, of which Lucy’s condition is more of an emergency that will ...

Many historical recordings document the lives of people who have lived the life that our greatest example, Jesus Christ, spoke that a Christian should live. Many of these people have been leaders. Some have shown themselves not full of avarice, or greed, in keeping with Christ’s rebuke from the scriptures of Luke, and have shown no interest in making the house of God a “den of thieves” (Biblegateway, 2016). The Apostle Paul is a great example of a Christian who happened to be a leader, although he never held a particular office in the Christian Church building as ...

Drug metabolism is the enzymatic break down of drugs-a process that takes place in the liver. While drug metabolism can take place at the cellular level, the liver is the major site for this process due to its size-translating to a big supply of enzymes. Drug metabolism is classified as one of the liver’s processes to detoxify the body or get rid of foreign compounds (Law et al., 2014). When the drug reaches the target site and finished working, the remaining amounts may accumulate in the body to levels that may be poisonous or toxic. Drug components are ...

Between 19th October and 1st December 2015, the CDC reported an outbreak of the Escherichia coli O26 (STEC 026) in Delaware, California, Illinois, Oregon, Kentucky, Maryland, Minnesota, Washington, New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio. The CDC linked the outbreak to Chipotle Mexican Grill restaurants.

The intestinal symptoms of E. coli infection show up within the first five days after infection and may include:

Loss of appetite Gas Nausea Vomiting Fatigue Sudden watery diarrhea that may turn to bloody stool Cramping of the abdomen Fever In severe cases, the skin becomes pale, urine in blood, a decrease in urine output, and dehydration (Pietrangelo and Kim). Infected people per state include Another short outbreak of a different strain of STEC O26 ...

Overview: Overview: Antigen-antibody reactions are commonly used in immunological assays. In a traditional agglutination assay, the end product is a visible antibody-antigen complex that settles as visible particulate matter in the solution. In other cases, the reaction is invisible and wants the use of a specific enzyme or isotopic probes that can amplify the signal created by the antigen-antibody reaction, so that they can be detected with the naked eye or an ELISA/RIA reader1. Hemagglutination is a visible antigen -antibody assay in which soluble antibodies react with antigen on the surface of (red blood cell) RBC to form a ...

The case study presented here demonstrates a clear diagnosis of Benign Prostratic Hypertrophy or BPH.

Pathophysiology: The disease condition known as benign hypertrophy of the prostate usually develops initially in the transition zone of the periurethral region of prostate. This zone usually consists of separate lobules of tissues lying external to the sphincter. Majority of ducts of the transitional zone of urethra lie on the lateral part of urethral wall. It is important to note that it is the point of urethral angulation near verumontanum. Near the origin of this transition zone, there are glands of periurethral region. These are usually confined in the preprostatic opening. According to a renowned researcher, majority of the ...

Type 2 diabetes is also referred to as NIDD, which stands for non-insulin dependent diabetes. This diseases presents no symptoms at an early stage but then advances from insulin resistance to hyperglycemia and then full blown diabetes that requires medical attention. The most prescribed course of treatment is the use of sulfonylureas with diet and exercise. Type II diabetes can be attributed to mutations in various genes (Halsted and Edelman, 2000). Risk factors that increase the chance of getting Type II diabetes are aging, being inactive and obesity (Halsted and Edelman, 2000). Glipizide was first commercially marketed in 1984. ...

Abstract

Heart failure (2.6% prevalent worldwide) is a complex clinical syndrome, resulting from a structural or functional cardiac disorder and impairing ventricular filling or ejection capability. The current case of a 59-year-old male patient admitted on August 18, 2016 due to worsening shortness of breath and bilateral left extremity edema (one week) involved an existing diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2). Physical and clinical profiles indicate a comorbidity between heart failure (HF) and DM2. Laboratory and imaging findings were not indicated, while diagnosis was based on the NYHA Classification guidelines. A review of literature revealed three crucial weaknesses in the diagnosis. ...

Introduction

The two types of healthcare system in the United States are Medicare and Medicaid. These two are however very different. Nevertheless, a person can qualify and also receive coverage for both healthcare systems. However, one needs to meet different requirements so as to be eligible for each program. Being qualified for one program does not mean that one is qualified for the other.

Medicare

The Medicare healthcare system was created with the purpose of dealing with the high medical costs which are faced by the elderly citizens in comparison with the rest of the population. It focuses on the elderly ...

Summarize the role of each of the 12 human body systems.

Skeletal System: The role of the skeletal system is to provide a framework to give support and act as a defense for the soft tissues within the human body.

Muscular System: The role of the muscular system is to be accountable for all movement within the human body.

Cardiovascular System: The role of the cardiovascular system is to be accountable for the movement of nutrients, oxygen, hormones, and cellular waste products all over different parts of the body. Digestive System: The role of the digestive system is to transform food into energy and basic vitamins to nourish the whole human body. Endocrine System: The role of the endocrine system is to regulate the activities of all of the ...

ANATOMY OF URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

The urinary tract, simply put, is the bodies system of drainage through which excess water and wastes are removed from the body. It is a multi-organ system consisting of the two kidneys, two ureters, the bladder and the urethra. The kidneys are small organs that assume the shape of a bean and are equivalently the size of a normal human fist. They are located below the rib cage, each of them on either side of the spine. Wastewater (urine) moves from the kidneys downwards through two narrow tubes known as ureters, and it is then stored in the bladder, ...

Patient initials: MK Age: 60 Sex: M

Care Plan Subjective MK, the patient presents with a chief complaint of decreased urinary flow but has also had troublesome nocturia for the last two weeks as well as significant terminal dysuria. History of present illness: Patients states that in the past day he has had significant difficulties especially in starting his urine flow and this has affected his ability to enrage in normal daily activities. Patient denies radiating pain. Patient history: Patient has had a history of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, costochondritis, as well as suspected angina characterized by chest wall syndrome which was however treated.

Significant family history: There is also a probable positive family history for cardiovascular or heart diseases

Objective: Patient is a ...

Care Plan

Subjective The patient presents at the clinic complaining of nocturia, decreased urinary flow, decreased flow as well as terminal dysuria. TG states that the symptoms have been persistent for the last two years but the last two weeks have seen a significant increase in intensity of the symptoms. TG denies any case or instance of radiated pain within the period of two weeks,

Objective:

60 year old, Hispanic male

Vital signs: BP at 140/92;

Pulse rate: 80; Temperature: 99.0 Weight = 200 pounds; height = 71”, BMI = 27.9

Patient Hx for hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, costochondritis, suspected angina, possible family history of heart disease in the family

Patient denies any use of alcohol, tobacco, or drug abuse Current medication list: Cardizem 240mg QD and Zocor 20mg ...

Indwelling Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

In the article, Poudel, Baniya and Pokhrel (2009) conduct a prospective study to investigate the microbiological profile as well as the resistance pattern of the strains that cause urinary tract infection associated with the use of Foley’s Catheter. In the study, 100 catheterized adult patients, all above the age of 16, in a hospital participated. The patients used the indwelling Foley’s catheters for both short and long intermediate purposes. 3 ml urine samples were aseptically taken from the patients at the repeat of the catheterization and repeated on unevenly in subsequent days and weekly until the patient ...

Problem statement for research purpose: Hypertension can be a cause as well as a consequence of chronic kidney disease (CRD). A number of clinical studies have identified the harmful effects of uncontrolled hypertension on the kidney function (Kokubo, 2012; Berlowitz, 2016)). According to NIH statistics, 23.3% individuals without CKD had hypertension in a representative sample. On the other hand, 35.8% of individuals in stage 1, 48.1% in stage 2, 59.9% of stage 3 and 84.1% in stage 4-5 CKD had hypertension (National Institutes of Health, 2010). In stage 4 CKD, the glomerular filtration is the lowest at <15 ...

Multiple choice questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Increased erythropoietin production Increased heart rate Increased cardiac output Enhancement in oxygen extraction The answer for this question is b. increased heart rate. A reduction in tissue oxygenation as happens in anemia stimulates increased production of erythropoietin through a complex feedback mechanism. Increased production of erythropoietin enhances erythropoiesis in anemia. Increased extraction of oxygen in anemia is a compensatory mechanism that is mediated by an increase in 2, 3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations. Increased cardiac output is the main hemodynamic compensatory mechanism in anemia that aims to increase blood flow to the body organs. An increase in heart rate ...

Introduction

Endometrial cancer refers to a type of cancer that affects the endometrium, which is the inner lining of the womb or uterus. Endometrial cancer is one type of cancer that is somewhat different when compared to other types of cancer, as it affects others parts of the body depending on its severity. That means that poor management of this type of cancer may have significant impacts to other parts of the body attributed to the spread of this cancer to different organs. The cancer arises from an abnormal growth of cells within the womb thereby resulting in a situation ...

Introduction

Nutritional needs changes throughout a person’s life that if not properly assessed may lead to malnutrition. Malnutrition is the state of the body lacking important nutrients or having excess or imbalance of energy. According to studies, 16% of people over 65 years and 2% of people over 85 years are malnourished. Studies also show that approximately two-thirds of people occupying hospital beds are above the age of 65 years (Ahmed & Haboubi, 2010). Malnutrition is associated with a number of health outcomes such as poor wound healing, slow recovery from surgery, higher hospital readmissions, and deaths. Malnutrition is high ...

Introduction

Osteoarthritis of the knee also known as the degenerative arthritis is a major and growing problem for the elder population all over the globe. Approximately, 27 million individuals have been reported to suffer from osteoarthritis by the Arthritis Foundation in United States (US). Women have been more commonly reported to suffer from osteoarthritis as compared to men. The prevalence of developing arthritis has been found to increase after the age of 45 . Although, mostly elderly population are most affected yet there are few evidences of young people suffering from it. Osteoarthritis is also commonly defined as wear- and- tear ...