Essays on Wastewater

There are many pros and cons of using waste water for drinking and agriculture. Waste water in untreated form is normally used in agriculture since many centuries all over the world. Wastewater use in agriculture can be observed as both a benefit, providing water and nutrients for the cultivation of harvests and confirming food supply to the cities, and also as the cause of pollution; a threat that affects the health of users, and the environment. Wastewater causes diseases as it contains microorganisms, viruses and parasites, and cannot be considered safe for drinking. Wastewater for irrigation affects the land ...

Abstract

Application of the nanofiltration (NF) and ultrafiltration (UF) processes is applied in the handling of water that is produced raw. The application has been investigated in the current day through various studies (Wang 14). The experiment of the processes of both nanofiltration and ultrafiltration is conducted in the laboratory unit which is operated in a pattern of cross flow (Ashaghi, Ebrahimi, & Czermak, 46). The study that was conducted in Oilfield of North Sea using the process of membranes of ultrafiltration (UF) and microfiltration (MF) indicated that the content of hydrocarbon decreased from 50 mg/l to 2 mg/l which recorded ...

INTRODUCTION

Economical and industrial development are two of the most important elements on the evolutional way for any country and nationality. However, it often happens so that people discover something new and hurl themselves into using it before making throughout estimations of potential risks and hazards. This is especially common if such newly discovered entity (an invention, or mineral, or a way to dig out minerals – this could be anything) is capable of making large sums of money: then there is no particular doubt of this entity becoming incredibly popular and exploited to the extent of being overused. To top ...

Analysis of Sustainability of Tomorrowland Event

Analysis of Sustainability of Tomorrowland Event

Introduction and Context

The focus of this report is about sustainable event management. It aims to look at a major event and the sustainability policy of that event. The report briefly analyses the policy versus its actual implementation in real-life. The report reviews the earlier literature about sustainable event management. It examines the various theories related to corporate social responsibility and ISO 20121, which is the international standard for sustainable event management. The report then relates the findings at the present event to the sustainability theory. The report then presents the conclusions.

Tomorrowland is an electronic ...

<Instructor>

Groundwater contamination by toxic metals and organic compounds is a serious environmental and public health problem (Crini 39). Many of the common contaminants in wastewater are known to be toxic or carcinogenic. Common groundwater contaminants include heavy metal ions, aromatic compounds, and dyes. Additionally, heavy metals are not biodegradable and tend to bioaccumulate, leading to various diseases and disorders. Mercury and cadmium are among the most toxic metals and are very damaging to the environment. Additionally, chromium (VI) is a wide-spectrum toxin, as it is toxic to bacteria, plants, animals, and humans. Organic compounds in groundwater are ...

Executive Summary

Eldredge, Inc. is a major provider of by-product management services with the specific goal of performing these services in a responsible and environmentally conscious manner. With Eldredge’s multi-disciplined professional staff, field technicians and logistics specialists, Eldredge offers a complete spectrum of environmental services. Eldredge Inc. is headquartered in West Chester, PA and it provides services in the industrial, refinery, commercial, government, and utility markets. Eldredge, Inc. operates four main business units including: 1) Waste Transportation 2) Industrial Field Services 3) By-Product & Waste sourcing 4) Oil Reclamation & Water Treatment Eldredge’s facility is permitted to handle an array of ...

The extraction of oil and natural gas has been a major industry in the United States for many years. Originally, this fuel was used simply to heat homes. With the advancement in technology, many different types of machinery, including electrical generators at power plants, automobiles and home appliances have been designed to operate using natural gas. In recent years, it has become more difficult to find new sources of natural gas. Hence, various companies have ventured in hydraulic fracking in the hope of producing more natural gas. However, the hydraulic fracking itself brings a host of environmental and health ...

LPIPT in Saraburi, Thailand, currently operates waste-to-energy power plants. Our company has brought a residual waste such as municipal solid waste (MSW), landfills and non-hazardous industrial trash into the sorting process. The main purpose of it is to improve quality, for example the heat, size, and chemical composition to be transformed as refuse derived fuel (RDF) production. Using RDF technology from Europe and China along with the machinery developments of the company ourselves gaves us an opportunity to produce RDF with a capacity of 2,500 tons/day for use as renewable energy for generating electricity of our 2 RDF ...

Landscaping can make our home or university attractive and increase its value. It is also a way of investment. However, there are repercussions if landscaping is not properly done like its effects on the environment and the natural habitat. Costs for landscaping will depend on the taste and financial capability of the university. Landscaping projects can be as simple as a home garden or as complex as a city park, with trees and plants lining up that can be as costly as those in a luxury hotel. There can be landscapes that need a lot of water or a ...

Abstract

The research is dedicated to studies of activated carbons performance in the wastewater treatment process of dye removal. The experiment was performed to assess the efficiency of the commercial activated carbons (F100, F600, F820, SGL 8×30, CAL, AP4-60, OLC12×30) in adsorption process for Dylon Burlesque Red removal. The effect of pH, type of activated carbon, dye, contact time, and salinity was studied. The experiments were performed by measuring the absorbances of the solutions before and after contact with the activated carbon. The absorbance was evaluated with UV-vis spectrometry. The adsorption of the dye took place on all ...

A disaster typically presents a community with the inability to cope without the assistance of outside sources. The political and economic impact on a community is enormous. Without funding, communities would not survive disasters.

Political Impact of Disasters

Political disruption in a community can occur as a result of a disaster. Disruption in politics can result from social activism and other sources of community conflict. Social activism can arise as victims of the disaster may feel additional victimization by a conflict of the goals of recovery by citizens and government. Citizens may seek collective action to address their grievances. Other sources of community ...

Chapter 1

Introduction

XX century was characterized with the significant technological progress, which has improved the life of people. Numerous products and services became available, labor and domestic life became easier and more comfortable. However, waste problem is the other side of the technological progress. The solid, liquid and gas waste are formed, and thus land, natural water and air quality degrade. Therefore, in XXI century the research efforts are dedicated to development of methods for sustainable use of water, gas, and solid resources. Wastewater polluted with dye residuals originate from textile, leather and food industry. These industries produce goods that ...

XX century was characterized with the significant technological progress, which has improved the life of people. Numerous products and services became available, labor and domestic life became easier and more comfortable. However, waste problem is the other side of the technological progress. The solid, liquid and gas waste are formed, and thus land, natural water and air quality degrade. Therefore, in XXI century the research efforts are dedicated to development of methods for sustainable use of water, gas, and solid resources. Wastewater polluted with dye residuals originate from textile, leather and food industry. These industries produce goods that are ...

Human life and survival are connected with the environment. With the changes in the environment, human surroundings appear to undergo an adjustment or modification to continue the life. More probably, some climatic changes tend to interfere with the human life from several corners. These could be lethal or life threatening. For example, climate change might modify the occasional examples and plenitude of irritations and illnesses; in turn, this may influence the use of pesticides, herbicides and fungicides. Reactions will vary in the middle of harvests and between geological areas. There are studies that use of these pesticides within the ...

1. Intake with screen removes floating, large solid impurities. The removed solids are called screenings, and they are treated and disposed as solid wastes. Mixing tank is where coagulants such as alum, aluminium sulfate, ferric chloride, ferrous sulfate or lime are mixed with raw water (Al-Najar), there is no waste stream generated from mixing tank since the process is quick and there is no time to settle. In, the flocculator slow mixing occurs to allows for floc formation, the chemicals added in mixing tank promote this process. Flocculated suspended impurities settle sooner due to their large size and mass. ...

Abstract

Environmental pollution is among the hotly debated topics in the field of environmental studies. Contamination of this kind ranges from that of water, soil, and air. Industrialization and large organizations have been reported to be the primary sources of pollution across the world. Chevron, a leading multinational energy corporation, has in the recent past been accused and charged for heavy soil and water contamination through oil spills. Such environmental pollution has substantial consequences on the human health, safety, and well being. Van Duzer et al. (2015) assert that one of the most affected nations through the company’s activities ...

Introduction

Sharp Park, which is named after George Sharp, has a long, rich history. Mr. Sharp owned a more than 400-acre estate that he established with a vision for the San Francisco residents to enjoy recreation in a natural setting. When he died together with his wife, the property was left to the San Francisco City Council under strict instructions that it would only be used for recreational purposes. Sharp Park is in California off Highway 1 along the Pacific Ocean, San Francisco. It has existed since 1917; the golf course was established in 1930s. In 1941-internment camp was established ...

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Introduction

Cruise ships are used to take vacationers on recreational voyages. The ships provide amenities that enhance the passengers experience such as lounging facilities, cinemas, indoor sports, swimming pools, and music concerts among others. Cruise ships usually take the vacationers on a round trip through a given number of destinations, which usually include a number of coastal downs, before returning them to the port of origin. The cruise industry started in the early 1970s and was widely embraced in 1971 as a viable tourist attraction when a ship known as the Pacific Princess was featured in ...

Lab Report

Lab Report

Introduction

Air stripping lacks an official academic definition, but a widely accepted definition within the field regards it as the transfer of contaminants from aqueous solutions to air [1]. This process is commonly performed to decontaminate waste water and groundwater for public health purposes, given its ample use in the removal of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from water into air. Air strippers, the devices that carry out this process, are composed of a cylindrical tank which can contain different materials such as steel, ceramic or plastic. Contaminated water is pumped into the apparatus through its upper inlet, proceeds ...

Abstract- Literature 1

Edible oil refinement is one of the major problems faced by the developing countries across the world as edible oil effluents are a major source of environmental pollution. Owing to this, it is essential to ensure that the effluents are treated prior to its disposal. The composition, characteristics and quantity of the waste water generated depends on the operating conditions and processes followed and can vary from different organizations in the same industry. An investigative method comprising of an in-depth study of unit operations, monitoring, measurement and analysis of parameters affecting environment, and performance evaluation of utilities and pollution ...

Hydraulic fracturing or fracking is a process of oil and natural gas extraction from underground rock formations such as shale, by injecting a mixture of high-pressure water with chemicals and sand through a well drilled through various layers of earth (US Environmental Protection Agency [EPA], ES-1). Wastewater generated from fracking is usually concentrated with various pollutants, and has to be treated before disposal. Further as the hole is drilled through layers of earth, there is possibility of new contaminants entering the water table due to disturbance. Also, if groundwater is tapped in excess, pollutants from the gas production well ...

In 2008, the Thames River was a polluted mess. There were many untreated sewage, industrial waste, and garbage deposits which made the river not only an environmental nightmare, but a risk to public health. The primary souce of the pollution in the Thames river was caused by thousands of gallons of untreated raw sewage, which overflowed into the river from the overwhelmed sewage treatment infrastructure in London during storms and periods of heavy rainfall. Due to inadequate funding for and development of infrastructure necessary to prevent ecological disasters like the mass expulsion of waste water into the Thames, the ...

Sharp Park named after George Sharp has such a long history. Mr. Sharp had more than 400-acre estate that he established. When he died together with his wife, the property was left to the San Francisco City Council under strict instructions that it would only be used for recreational purposes. Sharp Park is in California off Highway 1 along the Pacific Ocean, San Francisco. It has existed since 1917; the golf course was established in 1930's. In 1941-internment camp was established in the park that provided medical service, food, shelter and employment opportunities to San Francisco residents. When Pearl ...

Introduction

The relationship between the influence of water pollution and the economy is important since without the water, no life, no prosperity and no economic development can be achieved. The scarcity of water has been identified in various parts of the world and the predictions for the future are even more concerning. Most of the planet earth is composed of water, but only 3% of it is fresh and drinkable and therefore useful for the global population. There has been seen development of the techniques of desalination, but the prices are still relatively high with various other negative factors. The ...

Introduction

There are environmental chemical processes which require light to react. These processes are called photochemical reactions. Photochemical reaction is commonly initiated due to the absorption of solar energy or light. When molecules absorb energy in the form of light, the atoms are converted in a transient excited state (Larson & Weber, 1994). This transition state or excited has completely different physical and chemical properties with the initial state of the molecule. The excited states also have more tendencies to react since they are considered stronger acids and stronger reductants that the initial state of the molecule. The excited state of ...

Literature Review on Fracking

Introduction The extraction of natural gas has been seen the much-needed reprieve in the face of increased energy demands globally. The natural gas present unexploited energy reserves that can be used to meet the energy deficits in the countries where there are natural gas deposits. Its extraction requires the use of advanced technologies. Fracking the main technology used in the exploitation of natural gas from the rocks beneath the earth’s surface where it is trapped. The biggest proportion of the new wells for the exploitation of natural gas (90%) utilizes hydraulic fracking as the technology of choice. While ...

in the industrial and infrastructure sector

Abstract

In most parts of the Arab countries, the limited resources of water pose adverse constraints to both the social and economic development, while also threatening the people’s livelihood. The available surface water keeps on declining, and the ground water over-pumping that goes beyond the natural recharge rates has continued to cause great negative impact in the lowering of water table. Over-pumping of ground water also increases ground water salinity, ground water depletion, and ecological degradation (SCENR 5). The outcome prompted the Qatar government to start regulating its water resources as a measure ...

Introduction

Mining activities can pose serious environmental and health implications. Although, these environmental and health hazards can be mitigated and effectively managed through sound engineering and environmental practices, these environmental and health issues associated with mining operations could not be totally eradicated. In general, there are three major players in the mining industry: the company, which include the employees and the stockholders; the regulatory bodies, which include the government and other national and international environmental organizations; and the community, which are not directly related to the mining industry, but is impacted by its operations. Each one of these stakeholders has ...

It is estimated that the world produces over 500 million tons of paper with writing and printing papers which are mostly found in offices accounting for the largest percentage of the total paper consumption. In 2011 alone, the world saw approximately 400 million tons of paper being produced and consumed (Statista.com). Big contributors of paper consumption are the United States, China and Japan. The three countries alone account for almost half of the world’s paper production and consumption. The United States is the leading country in as far as paper export is concerned while Germany is the world’ ...