Essays on Wavelength

A DC circuit consists of a source (e.g. battery or power supply) and a load (e.g. light bulb or electronic instrument). The electrons move from the negative terminal of the source, towards the load and then return to the positive terminal of the source, i.e. the electrons flow in only one direction . This movement of electrons will continue as long as there is a closed circuit. In contrast, the source in the AC circuit is constantly changing. The voltage of the source builds up and electrons flow through the circuit in the same way as for the DC circuit. ...

Introduction:

Nanobiotechnology serves as an imperative technique in the development of clean, nontoxic, and eco-friendly procedures for the synthesis and congregation of metal NPs having the intrinsic ability to reduce metals by specific metabolic pathways. Silver nanoparticles are particularly interesting nanoscale systems due to the ease with which they can be synthesised and modified chemically. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles has been widely researched due to their interesting size and shape-dependent properties [26]. These novel properties can be tailored by controlling their size, shape, composition, structure and crystallinity. Due to their size features and advantages over available anti-microbial properties, chemical imaging ...

Introduction

Spectrophotometry is one of the most common and efficient means of chemical analysis currently used in estimating the concentration of some chemicals. The technique exploits the radiation absorption property of various chemical substances in determining their concentrations. Spectrophotometry is based on Beer-Lambert Law. Beer-Lambert Law is the linear relationship between the absorbance and concentration of an absorbing species (Nair, 2010; Burrows et al., 2013). The mathematical expression of Beer-Lambert Law is shown in equation1 below: A=aλ*b*c Equation 1 In the equation 1 shown above, A represents the measured absorbance, a is the absorptivity coefficient which depends on ...

Achievements in the study of the basic properties of X-rays rightfully belong to the German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Rontgen. Amazing properties of X-rays, immediately received a huge response in the scientific world. Several experiments proved that it is an electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength of 8-10 cm, which occupies an intermediate position between ultraviolet and gamma waves. X-rays have great penetrating power, which depends on the wavelength, the density and thickness of the layer of the irradiated material. X-rays have an effect on living organisms. This radiation can be a catalyst for some photochemical reactions and X-rays can ionize ...

At times, one can see many animals out in the night with their eyes glowing green or yellow-green in color. In all kinds of light and media such as nature films, photographs, flashlights and even car headlights, the greenish glow in the eyes of many animals is clearly visible. Human eyes, on the other hand, give off a red glow when exposed to the flash of a camera. The greenish glow in the eyes of many animals such as cats, dogs, deer, cattle and horses is mainly because of a special kind of reflective surface that lies behind the ...

Chapter 1

Introduction

XX century was characterized with the significant technological progress, which has improved the life of people. Numerous products and services became available, labor and domestic life became easier and more comfortable. However, waste problem is the other side of the technological progress. The solid, liquid and gas waste are formed, and thus land, natural water and air quality degrade. Therefore, in XXI century the research efforts are dedicated to development of methods for sustainable use of water, gas, and solid resources. Wastewater polluted with dye residuals originate from textile, leather and food industry. These industries produce goods that ...

Ultraviolet light (UV light) is a type of electromagnetic radiation that is located between visible light and X-rays in the electromagnetic spectrum. It is invisible to the human eye, and has a frequency greater than that of visible light but lesser than X-rays. It has a wavelength ranging from about 10 nm to 400 nm (ISO, 2007). UV light is a part of the radiation that comes from the sun. It can also be produced artificially by electric arcs, black lights, tanning lamps and mercury vapor lamps. The name Ultraviolet literally translates to “beyond violet”, as it has a ...

Q1 The independent variable was the color information while the dependent variable was attention attraction. Both variables are of nominal level, i.e. the variation of color information or attraction of attention does not vary upon the change of the color or the person to whom they attract attention. Q2 The research was subjective, especially in treating RTs (reaction times) above 1500 ms as misses and 300 ms as anticipatory. There is no proper control or a basis upon which the researcher sets this criterion of exclusion. Besides, there is no background check of the participant to analyze if they ...

The Physics of Tsunamis

Humans have known about the destructive force of tsunamis for a long time, however, until the devastating tsunami incident in Indian Ocean in 2004 not much international effort was put into the research and development of methods and tools to effectively predict, warn and mitigate the upcoming disaster. The topic of creating an effective early warning system for the areas threatened by tsunamis is very important, but this paper focuses on the physics behind the processes of the formation and propagation of the tsunami waves which, in fact, is the basic knowledge required for developing the warning systems mentioned ...

Chapter 1 – Introduction to Color Study

1. What is the difference between direct light and reflected light? Give examples of each. Direct light travels from the source to the destination without being interrupted while reflected light is the light produced when the direct light bounces off a material. One example of direct light is the sunlight while reflection from the mirror is an example of reflected light (Young, Freedman & Ford, pp. 1080). 2. Describe the cause of color, the means used to generate it, and the effect. Light consists of a spectrum of light wavelengths which have a representative color; thus, upon reaching the retina ...

WINTER 2016

PURPOSE: APPARATUS: Fiber optics of various lengths Trainer boards Function generator and LED Circuits Radio Wood board and tape Reflective Material Paper Ac voltmeter Cables INTRODUCTION: Fiber optics refers to a field of study under both engineering and applied sciences. It deals with the designing and usage of optical fibers. The fibers are flexible and transparent manufactured through the drawing of plastic or silica (glass) to diameters slightly greater than those of human hairs. Most often, optical fibers serve in the transmission of light between the two fiber’s ends. They find a wide use communications since they can ...

I. Introduction Advances in recombinant DNA technology and bioinformatics-based data analysis have driven the explosion of structural biology in the last two decades (Kelly, Jess, and Price 119). This has resulted to the identification of at least 2000 proteins annually and a growing need in performing structural studies in these new proteins. The current trend involves the concern of analyzing protein structures close to its natural conditions (and other conditions) and of measuring their rates of structural changes, an essential factor in their biological functions. The technique of circular dichroism (CD) has gained an increasing popularity in addressing these ...

Gravitational, electromagnetic, strong and weak nuclear forces. Gravitational force is an attraction between any two pieces of matter in the universe. Electromagnetic force is present in pieces of matter, which are able to carry electrical charge. Strong force is holding the nuclei of atoms together. Weak force is responsible for radioactive decay. Molecules are built from the atoms and atoms consist of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are built of smaller particles called quarks. Electromagnetic spectrum is the range of all the light in the universe. Depending on the wavelength and frequency there are radio, micro, infrared, ...

Introduction

There are environmental chemical processes which require light to react. These processes are called photochemical reactions. Photochemical reaction is commonly initiated due to the absorption of solar energy or light. When molecules absorb energy in the form of light, the atoms are converted in a transient excited state (Larson & Weber, 1994). This transition state or excited has completely different physical and chemical properties with the initial state of the molecule. The excited states also have more tendencies to react since they are considered stronger acids and stronger reductants that the initial state of the molecule. The excited state of ...

Discovery of ultraviolet light

Ultraviolet radiation is very significant in the tanning individual who are interested in making their skin look like leather as well as for vampires killing, yet it cannot be seen or else felt. The question is then, how did people discover existence the existence of ultraviolet light? Although light is comprehensively abundant when it comes from its primary source the sun, and it is tough to get hold of it because it travels at very high speed than anything else globally. Since light is subsequently insubstantial, for many years, individuals managed only to collect a few frequencies without knowing ...

The purpose of this paper is to develop a fundamental idea about the phenomenon of Supernovae and their significance in understanding the nature of our universe. This paper shall be trying to make an in-depth analysis of different types of supernovae that had been observed in universe and also the factors that cause them. Even though the paper does not go deeper into the technical aspects of observing supernovae and the characteristics of their each type, a significant amount of study has been conducted to make an understanding of how they are observed and the characteristics that make each ...

Introduction

Interactions between atmospheric energy and matter and with the surface of the earth play an important role in remote sensing. There is a constant interaction between the surface of the earth, electromagnetic radiation and the atmosphere. This interaction determines the spectral areas through which remote sensing can be done (Bucholtz, 1995, 2769). Electromagnetic radiation is propagated via the earth's atmosphere at the speed of light once it has been generated. Since the earth's atmosphere is not a vacuum, it has a different impact on the wavelength, spectral distribution, speed and direction of radiation.

Scattering

One of the results obtained for ...

I have chosen to analyze the scenario about Sensation and Perception, ‘Want to stand out in a crowd? Wear red!” The scenario mainly talked about how a research study proved that the color red is really perceived faster by humans.

Fact Check

The first error that I spotted in the reading is the definition of the Trichromatic Theory. According to the reading, the Trichromatic Theory proposes that our eyes are sensitive to three colors: red, green, and yellow. However, this is incorrect. In page 143 of the textbook, Trichromatic Theory states that we base our color vision on three primary colors – ...

1. Calibration carried out for EXDRF and WDXRF XRF measurement is based on the concept that different elements have characteristic x-rays. The integrity of the XRF measurement is thus tied on the ability to accurately determine the energies of these X-rays. The process of calibration is thus used in assigning distinct energy values for each channel in the panalytical EDXRF and panalytical WDXRF. We thus do calibration by sending x-rays of known energy values to the detector. Knowledge of the channels where these known values are sorted is then used in assigning values to channels. However, this ...

Introduction

The Spitzer Space Telescope (Spitzer) is an infrared observatory gadget and program that was launched into the earth’s orbit on 25th August 2003 at 13:35:39 UTC-5 (Romana et al. 2). The telescope was a milestone in astronomy as it is specifically used to study the creation of the universe, creation and advancement of primordial galaxies, chemical evolution of galaxies, and origin of stars and planets (Romana et al. 2). The set up has an 85cm Ritchey-Chretien telescope that is cryogenically cooled and operating at temperatures that are as low as 5.5K. The CTA (Cryogenic Telescope Assembly) contains the CT ( ...