Essays on West Africa

Today, terrorism is among the top international threats and the exercise of radicalization is on the rise and civilization is hurting. Led by the misconception of liberalization, rebellious groups are cultivating violence against the public. Usually, these groups are Islamic militants honoring a misleading perception of Islamic faith. Since 9/11 attack, global Jihad is gaining momentum and successfully penetrating and operating in developing regions such as West Africa. This part of the African continent has fell prey to extremism by terror groups and the main ones include Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), a part of the dreaded Al-Qaeda, ...

Introduction

Nowadays, unfortunately, terrorism has become an issue number on the universal agenda, since its outcomes affect the global security and undermine human rights values. After the 9/11 Susan Rice, assistant secretary of state for Africa in Clinton administration, described Africa as world’s “underbelly for global terrorism”, meaning numerous physical, legal and financial safe havens (ungoverned spaces) in Africa as space for those, who are interested in training, mobilizing and operating terrorists (Solomon n.p.). Therefore, as African terrorism is to threaten the security of the whole continent as well as to erode the peace of the whole world, it ...

The Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is one of the most recent epidemics in Western Africa. People fear this type of disease due to its contagious characteristic and high mortality rate. The EVD is caused by the groups of Ebola viruses and it could affect humans and several species of primates. In 2015, there are more than 28,000 cases of EVD reported in West Africa which resulted to more than 11,000 deaths (Uyeki et al. np). Challenges to combat the effects of this epidemic have been the major barriers in West Africa such as lack of resources and ...

Introduction

The Ebola virus has existed for centuries. Like all life forms and viruses, it has been changing and adapting since the beginning of time to survive. Despite this the disease did not make itself known until the twentieth century. However, once the virus revealed itself only three major outbreaks have occurred. There were two in 1976 and one which took started in 2014 (CDC, 2015). The latest outbreak has been the longest and worst, effecting numerous countries such as, Mali, Nigeria, Liberia and Senegal in West Africa (CDC, 2015). This paper will look at the scientific aspects of the ...

Security and economic development in Africa today are more effectively achieved through regional formations than through the African Union. Discuss.

Introduction

The majority of African countries still lag behind Western states in achievement of similar economic development and power in the international relations. With the beginning of the twentieth century, the African states continued to take actions aimed to improve is economic growth and security protection in comparison to these systems in other countries. In this regard, it should be noted that several African countries stand to the position that these strategic objectives in the advancement of economic group and ...

The Hershey Company was founded in 1894, and is an international leader in superiority and non-chocolate confectionary and chocolate associated grocery in the Northern American industry. The company also has a good reputation and is a leader in the gum and mint industry. The company’s leading rivals are Purdy’s, Nestle and Meiji. Hershey employs a number of strategies which have continued to ensure that the company remains ahead of its competition. These strategies include a competitive advantage, international markets, and measures of cost, productivity and opportunities. The company can steer its growth by seizing opportunities with the ...

Ebola virus disease, formerly described as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, refers to a severe illness that is usually deadly in humans. Wild animals transmit the virus to human populations where it spreads through direct contact with infected bodily fluids. Typically, the disease has a fatality rate of nearly 50% with past outbreak cases recording fatality rates ranging between 25% and 90% (World Health Organization (WHO), 2016). For example, an Ebola epidemic in West Africa reported in 2014 caused global panic because it was “the largest and most complex Ebola outbreak since the Ebola virus was first discovered” (WHO, 2016). In ...

Introduction

In the past, humans practiced hunting and gathering as a way of finding food. They would hunt down animals for food and feed the different communities. Over time, as the human population grew. The growth in human population meant that there was an increased demand in food, thus leading to an increased number of animals to hunt down. It became impossible for the humans to solely depend on animals for food. Another result with the increased human population was increased demand for land. The humans turned to cutting down or burning vegetation. In the process, some animals were burnt ...

A general move to broaden the security agenda occurred during the 1980s by expanding the focus from the security of the state or the nation to an alternative focus on the security of the people, or the global collective. The human security can be affected by economic welfare, environmental concerns, cultural identity, political rights, and military issues. In recent years, environmental degradation is increasingly being considered as a security problem by not just the environmental activists but also the security establishment as they have become more responsive to the idea. In late 1989, the journal of the International Institute ...

PART 1 – IDENTIFICATIONS (25 pts)

Define and explain in 2-4 sentences the importance for hip-hop culture of FIVE of the following identifications: Hip-hop music has its origins in the 1970s from South Bronx. Over the years, it has grown into rap music and even further to hip hop culture. Hip hop culture all over the world has incorporated various aspects in the society like technology, fashion, racism, art, and urban life among others. Multiple identifications in hip hop play a vital role in its culture. For example, sampling is the use of a song portion in another song either as a sound recording or ...

Questions

Academic year Discuss the efforts and challenges made by people of African descent to reconnect with Africa since the start of the 19th century The emancipation of Africans in 1865 was a great historical period for African Americans in the United States. The African Americans contemplated on what to do with their newly acquired freedom and started reconstructing their lives. Certain black intellectuals at the time such as Rev. Blyden suggested that they leave America since white Americans were still hostile towards African Americans, and violence against them was common. Others like Martin Delany, who was an African American ...

Within the Context of World History

Racism and misconceptions about the peoples of Africa have resulted in the neglect of Africa’s historical reality ever since the field of history began to emerge as a structured discipline during the eighteenth century (Reynolds, “So Many Africas, So Little Time: Doing Justice to Africa in the World History Survey”). Since Greek and Roman times and up until the European Renaissance there was mutual respect between Europeans and the subjects of black kingdoms they met (Clarke ‘Why African History?”). By the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, however, most European historians, philosophers and political scientists had adopted a Eurocentric attitude ...

In the last years of the 1970s, there was global concern over the discovery of a deadly virus that resulted in outbreaks of a hemorrhagic fever in West Africa (Peters & LeDuc, 1999). The high rate of death and the contagious nature of the disease was a cause of concern to the international medical community and researchers combined efforts to discover the cause, etiology, effective therapies, and methods of control of what would come to be known as the Ebola virus. Although there have been few cases reported outside West Africa, the potential for the spread of the disease prompts ...

1. Introduction a. The outbreaks of the Ebola virus in West Africa have generated significant concern due to the high death rate and contagious nature (Peters & LeDuc, 1999). b. Differences in the fatality rates in Ebola infection over the last decades probably are a reflection of advances in diagnostic accuracy, proficiency in acute care stages, and identification of infection sources (Laupland & Valiquette, 2014). c. Although cases are rare and primarily confined to West Africa, there is concern of a possible pandemic secondary to ease of international transport of contaminated people and goods. d. The transmission is through blood and ...

The following is the summary of the article titled, Ebola Virus Outbreak 2014: Clinical Review for Emergency Physicians. The outbreak that took place in West Africa in 2014, is one of the largest Ebola outbreak reported in the history of the disease. Ebola virus causes a serious infection that is characterized by coagulopathies and septic shock. As of today, there is no effective cure for Ebola. The management of the disease is mainly through supportive therapy. The article aims to support physicians working in areas of Ebola outbreak with the essential information about the disease management, control and prevention. ...

1. The colonial rule in West Africa has been successful partly because the colonialist were able to obtain the support of the indigenous elites. The article Circle of Irons showed that colonial employees were able to gain the favor of the indigenous elites. Through their efforts, the colonial employees were able to bridge the communication and knowledge barrier between the colonialist and the indigenous people as exemplified in the Circle of Irons. For example, while it was suggested that Makassouba and Uolare complicated colonial rule (Osborn, 41), they were nevertheless instrumental in laying the French influence and supremacy in ...

1. The transatlantic slave trade has caused far-reaching changes in the economic and political life in Africa. In some areas, the development of the productive forces was completely fettered. The huge outflow of people, which can be compared with the bloodletting between XVII and XIX centuries suspended the increase of the population in the vast territories of West Africa (Lamie, 2007). Meanwhile, other parts of the world have experienced a fairly strong population explosion. With the forced slaves withdrawal, Africa deprived the most young and healthy people and it is the most valuable workforce (Lamie, 2007). Trying to downplay ...

Introduction

The Berlin Conference of 1884 to 1885 which is also referred to as the Congo Conference signified a powerful role in the regulation of European colonization as well as free trade in parts of Africa during the period of neo-imperialism. One of the outward goals of the conference was to implement regulations on the rampant colonization of Africa in order to prevent the military conflict between the colonizing states. It is to be noted that colonial powers went into what historians coined as the ‘Scramble for Africa’, where they decided to invade, occupy, divide and colonize the different parts ...

Introduction

Both Judith Carney and Rafael Marquese examine the contribution of African Slaves in the development and production of specific cash crops. Carney believes that the production of Rice in South Carolina is as a result of diffusion of agricultural culture from Africa to Americas. She argues that rice production was the culture of the West Africans far before the Portuguese explorers reached Africa in in the 14th century. Rice was the staple food among most of the West African communities. They used the mangrove swamps to create paddies and used canal irrigation to water the rice. The same methodology ...

Introduction

American culture is an amalgamation of different cultures over the years. Trade has always been an important part of the United States. European explorers looking for new trade routes to India discovered the new world. After discovering the new world, they quickly established trading posts. Their main aim was to search for gold and other precious resources in this new country. However, their expectations were not fulfilled but they quickly established trading relationships with native tribes near their settlements. Most of these native tribes were hostile at first but they saw the advantage of trading with the settlers. Relationships ...

Slavery existed in the Americas from the early colonial days and its rapid rise was observed in the XVIII-XIX centuries in Brazil, the Caribbean and the British and French colonies in Northern America when the world trade was actively growing and there was a shortage of labor. The major countries in Europe were able to turn the slave trade into a very profitable business. At first the Portuguese and later the Dutch and the English began to export slaves from the West African coast to the different destinations in the New World. The Middle Passage became a vital part ...

African resistance to colonial powers has an extensive history that dates before the nineteenth century. The responses to colonial rule varied by location, religion, and resources that included both violent and nonviolent tactics. It is important to note that most rebellions were complex and strategically planned in the rising intolerance of colonial rule on the continent of Africa. Although Europeans aimed to divide and conquer, they did not always successfully change relationships among African communities who worked together in resistance. Nonetheless, foreign colonial powers were successful in recruiting tribes to assist in conquering other tribes who were in conflict. ...

Introduction

West African region comprises of several states that are found in the western part of the African continent. These states occupy the vast Sahara Desert and is normally referred to as Sahel. West African has gone economic and political revolution since the twentieth century. After the colonial period, several cities in West Africa were converted into independent states.

The region comprises of the states in the Maghreb region, and they occupy a total of 6,140,000 square kilometers

Much of the region depends on Mediterranean politics, and this has made the region to be politically powerful The region witnesses the economic resource imbalance that has resulted in poverty index in the region. Thus, most of the people are economically ...

The study of infectious diseases has always been crucial to mankind because of the devastating effects it has had on the human race. The influenza epidemic, for example, occurred repeatedly in the 20 th and 21st century, spreading across large regions and multiple continents. Influenza in 1918 killed an estimated 50 million people world wide. This was higher than the amount of people that died in World War I. About 500,000 fatalities occurred in the US which was approximately 28% of the US population at that time. The number of deaths that took place in 1957 and 1968 ...

Citizenship and Instruction Program

Experience and Community Need BronxWorks, is a settlement house and multi-service organization with proven track record of leading immigration services since 1998. That year we first collaborated with SEEDCO to launch a series of initiatives that target low-income immigrants with limited English language proficiency. Our organization leveraged resources to provide English as a Second Language (ESL) services and civics classes from the New York City Department of Youth and Community Development (DYCD) to more than 250 participants in 2015 and over 600 participants since its inception. For over 18 years, we have provided citizenship and ESL instruction to New ...

Colonization is the process whereby one powerful country invades and takes control of another foreign territory. The occupying country, then subjects the inhabitants of the captured territory and places them under its dominion. They can as well get treated as slaves working under very tough conditions with limited or no pay at all. The colonizers on the other hand freely utilize and extract resources with no restriction.

The German empire

In the late 19th century Germany was a growing industrial and economic power. By that time, they had made massive gains in their processing and manufacturing industries. As a result, the country’ ...

Industry Overview

Senegal is a West African country located along the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Its neighboring countries include Mauritania, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, guinea, and Gambia. The terrain of Senegal is generally low and flat, with rolling plains that rise to the foothills located in the southeast. Senegal covers an area of about 196,722 square kilometers, with a coastline stretching to about 531 km (Global Edge, 2015). By 2014, the population of the country stood at 14.7 million, with an annual growth rate of 3.126% (Global Edge, 2015). About 43% of this population stays in the urban centers. Senegal is one of ...

The current Ebola outbreak has been termed as the largest outbreak in West Africa posing a threat to the public health not only locally, but also internationally. The latest outbreak began in late 2013 in Guinea and later dispersed in Liberia in March 2014. By August 14, 19 case of Ebola virus disease (EVD) have been reported in Liberal, which was 12 percent of 810 cases of the diseases reported globally (Arwady et al. 2015). In 1976, the outbreak was associated with 318 cases. However, the prevalence of the disease throughout 2014 revealed the lack of preparedness procedures and ...

Colonialism is one of the most actual issues of the modern historical science. The formation of colonial regimes entailed profound changes in the economic situation of the African population and reflected in the nature and way of their management. The British and French colonial models were quite different, but I am not sure whether it will be correct to say that colonies were only raw appendages of the empires and got nothing in exchange. The process of colonization of Africa has become widespread in the second half of the XIX century, especially after 1885 and the beginning of the ...