Essays on Western Europe

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Legal Positivism Under the direction of legal positivism understood in law, which advocates limited jurisprudence the task of studying the law in force with the formal dogmatic positions. The emergence of legal positivism refers to the first third of the XIX century and it was associated with the processes of approval of industrial capitalism in Western Europe. A crucial role is played by the processes of formation in the most developed countries of the national market, demanded the elimination of the vestiges of medieval particularism, expanding the scope of legal regulation of public relations and the establishment of a ...

Beer ranks highly among the most desired alcoholic drinks in Europe. The commencement of beer consumption initiated in Western Europe and soon after extended to Eastern Europe. Russia and Ukraine are among the main nation’s leading in the consumption of alcoholic drink in Eastern Europe. The rate of consumption of beer in Europe is advanced compared to other alcoholic drinks like Wine and Spirits which comprise Whiskey, Rum, Vodka, and several others. In the recent past, the beer market in Russia has been defined because of the macro economy, inevitable momentous price upturns and the change in regulations ( ...

Introduction

The European Union is the result of the flow of economic integration in the world. It was created in 1958 and became a powerful economic group. Within the framework of the Union, the benefits of mutual trade are established, the general economic policy is carried out, and restrictions on the movement of goods, capital, and labor are constantly removed (Krugman, Obstfeld, and Melitz, 2014). The creation of the EU was due primarily to the fact that in Western Europe after the Second World War, the contradiction between the international character of modern production and the narrow national and state ...

CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE ROLE OF CRISIS IN INDUCING POLICY CHANGE

Introduction Most nations make policies after they enter serious crisis. There is a general notion that a critical problem requires a critical solution. Thus, nations that came under Nazi or Japanese attack in the eve of the Second World War declared a state of emergency and made sweeping changes to their national policies. These changes had far-reaching impacts on the functioning of the arms of governments and the entire nation had to suspend various activities to implement the policies in response to the crises. However, after World War II, significant events have been considered as turning points in national ...

Western culture and Chinese cultures today have various similarities and differences. They developed almost independently of each other due to geographical circumstances and other geopolitical factors. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and review the similarities and differences between Western culture and Chinese culture.

Background of Comparisons

Western culture is fundamentally Eurocentric culture. It refers to the kind of culture that is prevalent in Europe, Latin America, North America and some Eurocentric societies around the world. However, up till about 500 years ago, European culture was developed and flourished in Western Europe. Chinese culture on the other hand seem to ...

Discussion on Readings:

Crusades resulted to continuous conflicts , leaders such as Alexius in the first crusade were eager to impress the western leaders by staging attacks on the Asia inhabitants where they killed anyone they came across regardless of religion (Paine 17). The crusades led to collaboration between leaders in search of power and dominance. The westerners were impressed by the gesture that Alexius showed (Paine 18). The first crusade led to the expansion of the European boundaries. In this view crusades led to rivalry and fights between states with the urge to acquire dominance. Christians and the Muslims became rivals and ...

LEGO Group is a toy manufacturing company which dates back to 1916 when Ole Kirk Kristiansen started a wooden toy store in a rural Danish village of Billund. LEGO has a widespread market in Eastern and Western Europe, Asia, and in America and was ranked among the top ten Toy Industries in the world before it started to slump in the late 1990s. After a series of poor performance in the market, LEGO Group hired a thirty-six-year-old; Kudstorp in 2004 to fix the financial challenges the company was facing at the moment. This paper aims at looking at some ...

CONTENTS I. Introduction 3 II. Overview of Fundraising Activities 3 a. Collecting online donations 4 b. Sending Direct mail appeals 5 c. Requesting Foundation Grants 6 III. Plan 7 a. Objective One – Development of the comprehensive, detailed and informative project proposal 7 b. Objective Two – Selection of the grant providers 8 c. Objective Three – Making Impressive and Persuasive Presentations 8 IV. Summary of the Grant Proposition 9

References 11

Introduction In spite of the fact that many governments all over the worlds are constitutionally vested with responsibility of taking caring of their citizens, the living standards in many developing countries are ...

1. Bretton Woods institutions are the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, which is leading the international monetary and financial institutions, the most important element of the modern institutional structure of international monetary relations (Claude, Sharp and Egger, 2016). They got their name from the American town of Bretton Woods, where in 1944 an international monetary and financial conference at which it was decided on the establishment of these two institutions. The International Monetary Fund is an international monetary organization whose purpose is to promote international trade and monetary cooperation by establishing norms regulating exchange rates and monitor ...

The years between 1945 and 1965 were unique ones in history. In 1945 World War II was ending, changing the landscape of Europe. In Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union was devastated despite winning the war (Zickel n.p.). It began a period of reconstruction, putting itself together after the war. Western Europe was in shambles as well, except it had Germany to contend with. Fortunately the end of the war also brought about an increase in trade among nations, increase in technological advances and foreign aid from the United States, helping all of Europe to come out of its economic ...

China and Russia are two significant members of the group known as the BRICs. The other members are India, Brazil and South Africa. While China seeks to use its economic influence in buying world power, Russia seeks to regain its lost political influence by challenging the United States and Western Europe. This paper seeks to examine and explore China’s use of economic incentives in the form of cheap loans to gain influence in Sub-Saharan Africa. It also examines Russia’s constant antagonism with the United States and its allies in Eastern Europe and the Middle East. The argument ...

The Role of Government in Three Different Regions

This essay will analyze the comparison and difference roles of government in three different regions, namely; Africa, Near East, and Europe. Africa is a continent measuring about 5000 miles north, south and west and lies on 20 degrees north to the east. It covers earth’s land surface of over 20%. It has the subdivisions as follows, North East, North Central, and West and sub-Saharan Africa. Middle East region has five branches, Arabian Peninsula, Mediterranean coastal areas, Iraq and Syria, Iran and Asia. On the other hand, Europe lies at the north altitude of Black and Caspian seas. Southern ...

Income Inequality between Countries

Introduction This paper asserts that the income inequality between developed and developing countries increases over time. Developing countries will not be able to catch up with developed countries because of differences in technological advancement. Technology has a bearing on the nature of output and skills that a country has for its production. Therefore, developed countries will produce technologically advanced products such as computers because they have both the resource endowment of both physical and human capital in those sectors. On the contrary, developing countries that have abundant unskilled labor will supply unskilled labor intensive goods and agricultural goods that ...

The term Cold War has always been used by many to describe the relationship between the Soviet Union and America from 1945 to 1980. The Cold War started as soon as the Second World War ended. It would have been termed World War three by the free society. However, that whimsical name (Cold War) was preferred because there was no military confrontation between the two nations. Many factors led to the emergence of the Cold War, and it had many impacts. The first reason that resulted in the start of the Cold War was the idea of the Soviet ...

The First Crusade was organized in 1096 by the decision of Pope Urban II at the request of Byzantine Emperor Alexius I with the aim of helping the Eastern Christians in the defense of Anatolia (Asia Minor) from the onset of the Seljuks. During the campaign, further objective turned out to be the liberation of the holy city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from the Muslims. Initially, the Pope`s appeal was addressed only to the French knights, but, later, the Crusade turned into a full-scale military campaign, and its idea spread to all the Christian states of ...

Discuss the Rise of the States’ Decolonization, Independence/Secession Processes that succeeded in the Last Years as well as the Current Independence/Secession Processes going on in the World Now.

Historically, decolonization has been occurring in stages, from 1776 to 1991, designing the current global order of the states through revolutions. It is a term used to refer to the process of ending the colonial rule in all facets, including different political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of this process. For around 200 years, the colonial rule, represented by the European monarchs has impacted the relationship between similar and opposing forces ( ...

Chinese health and the effects fast food has made over the last 20 years.

The inevitable process of globalization is undoubtedly accelerating the movement of humanity towards progress. A good example – the Asia-Pacific region, where until recently many millions of people lived in absolute poverty. And now, in terms of welfare, the region approaches North America and Western Europe. China is the most obvious example. In 1981 there were 84% of people who lived from hand to mouth (The Wall Street Journal). In 2012, according to Gallup the number of people living below the absolute poverty went down to 7% (Kravtsov). Those millions of people entered the category of the “new Chinese”. This ...

Introduction

Air pollution involves the introduction of particulates and other biological molecules in the atmosphere, resulting in the death of humans, other living things and damage to other resources such as crops. It involves the interaction of different pollutants which eventually affect the environment, health, and even the climate. These pollutants are emitted almost from all economic and social activities. The most cases of air pollutants are; Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, Ozone, Ammonia, Non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide, lead, heterocyclic, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenol and Methane amongst others. Emission of many air pollutants has decreased across Europe as ...

Abstract

The Middle East has been in the center of international attention for the past couple of years as the region has been embroiled in several conflicts that reshaped the region’s status quo. While a majority of the conflicts reported in the Middle East are caused by armed factions, some of these conflicts were brought by various social movements intending on forcing change to the country. Some of these social movements are brought in by the public themselves; hoping to pressure the government to impose reform. Some of these social movements sometimes meet failures, but there are those which ...

Post-Classical History

Some of the terminologies that explain the post-classical world include the post-ancient era, the pre-modern era or the post-antiquity era. The post-classical is the immediate period after the classical world and the period preceding the modern history. The classical period happened in two time periods depending on the different continents in the world. The time periods include the years between 200-500 and the year’s between1200-1500. In this era, Han, Rome, and Gupta experienced the spread of the major religions of the world. It is during this period that Buddhism and Christianity spread while the Islam religion emerged. Religions ...

Introduction

Renaissance is described as a period that was marked with great cultural, social and political changes that occurred between modern and medieval ages. Historians agree that this age began in Italy before it spread to other European countries. During this period, there was an explosion of knowledge and free thinking. The cities in Italy that were hitherto independent became successful with strong institutions such as banking and universities. This paper is a critical analysis of Machiavelli’s work, The Prince, his views on the events of renaissance, religious beliefs and role of Christian Faith in political life and political ...

Impact of the Second World War on Western Europe

The war had a devastating impact on the social, economic, and political life of Western Europe. Psychologically, the people of Western Europe were tired of the war. It is perhaps the most significant difference between the aftermaths of WWI and WWII. Consequently, calls for retaliation and nationalistic sentiment were not as high. The severity of the psychological anguish is illustrated by the millions of people that the war left dead. Many more were displaced from their homes (White, 1953). Sickness and injury were the norm rather than the exception. Many, especially the Jews and those that survived the Nazi ...

Winston Churchill's Iron Curtain Speech

In the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is the king. This saying was proved right during the 20th century. Charismatic, patriotic, and courageous leaders rose to make people realize what in their opinion was right or wrong. The charismatic leaders used many ways to express their views including giving speeches to the public. Winston Churchill is one of the leaders who would not give in during the difficult times, and he used speech to outline his views. Among the greatest speeches by Churchill was the “Iron Curtain Speech.” The speech had a great message to the people ...

History, Essay

The Red Army that marched into the German territory also swiftly conquered other surrounding vicinities like Latvia and Estonia, among others and absorbed them into the Soviet Union. Within a short span, the communist forces were successful in conquering even the Romanian as well as the Bulgarian governments with almost no effort. Towards the end of 1945, it was almost clear that the Lublin Regime that had the complete support of the Soviet Union had gained total control of Poland, thus resulting in the breach of Yalta promise that upholds free and unconstrained elections in those provinces. Within no ...

Introduction

Air pollution involves the introduction of particulates and other biological molecules into the atmosphere thereby resulting in the death of humans, other living things and damage to other resources like crops. It involves the interaction of different pollutants which eventually affect the environment, health and even the climate. These pollutants are emitted almost from all economic and social activities. The most cases of air pollutants are; Sulphur Dioxide, Nitrogen Oxides, Particulate Matter, Ozone, Ammonia, Non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon dioxide, lead, heterocyclic, chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenol and Methane amongst others. Emission of many air pollutants has decreased across Europe as ...

I will be looking at whether resource prices are rising or falling. I will conduct a deep research into the root of this problem around the world. Through this research it will be easy to establish the solutions to this problem which is not healthy to the economy (Neumayer 68). The research will be conducted through; closed questionnaires, data analysis and use of internet research which includes the use of World Bank and IMF data. Just to take a preview of the essay topic, the history of this problem is from the recent drop in global oil prices that ...

Introduction

Being an American Caucasian, I understand that though I live in an America, my lineage can be traced back to Western Europe (Nadel, 2005). Despite the fact that I have been in America for quite a considerable length of time, I still hold on to some elements of our culture. Considering that America has its cultural identity defined by some particular elements, I have since acclimatise with the culture. In this case, the two cultural backgrounds that makeup my cultural identity are the American culture and the Caucasian culture.

Features that illustrate the Two Cultures

Being a Caucasian American, I have since gained a number of physiognomies that ...

What is the impact of effective formulation and implementation of strategies for venturing in international and global operations in Heineken Inc?

Abstract

Global business strategy depicts the process under which organizations assesses the future prospects of the firm towards achieving its objectives. Every successful organization engages in strategic planning plus those with global business operations as they seek to position themselves towards taking full advantage of the worldwide trend and opportunities. The notion behind the strategic decisions is normally based on the specific objectives, power, relationships, performance, economic and resources, technological, social and cultural result in change of the strategy. International strategy embraces the determination based on the correct balance between the global standardization and the integration plus the local responsiveness. ...

In the article The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe by Carol Skalnif Leff, the repercussions of the cold war in Eastern Europe have been analysed. The Communist Society of Europe was jolted by the Cold War; the emergence and then failure of the Soviet Unoin lead to a change in the societal set up in Europe, especially in Eastern Europe. Many European states were looking for integration in the global economy and with the Western Europe as well. These nations experienced economic depression as they were not ready for the transition. These European nations lobbied to get into International ...

Summary of Case Study

This case study talks about H&M, a clothing retailer which is based in Sweden. H&M is believed to be the second largest clothing retailer in the world. It faces stiff competition from firms such as Uniqlo, Gap, Zara, and Top shop. All the garments are designed in Stockholm, sent for production in various offices and finally to the manufacturers. H&M designs both fast fashion and staple items. As such, it sourcing strategy is split into two that is, sourcing strategy for fashion lines that turn around very fast and sourcing strategy for items that are not very urgent. The ...

Abstract

The development of the maritime industry and the related cargo operations in particular, is an extremely important and interesting part of the historical development of business relationships and industrialization. One of the turning points in the history is the development of the shipping container, which, according to many professionals and academics, have turned around the industry and had tremendous effect on the business as a whole along with the automatization of the cargo operations.

There are numerous factors, which influence the development of the containerized cargo and bulk transportation. Both modes of transportation are subject to economic, political, social, technological, ...

What are the underlying problems facing Fiat’s car division?

Fiat is an Italian company with its business once solely concentrated in Italy. After the post war period, Fiat with the help from Italian government became the number one automobile manufacturer in Italy. Fiat enjoyed that position for almost 50 years without any threat from other European players. However, decades of doing business with ease and with the help of Italian government had created operational, strategic and managerial inefficiencies within the company. For almost 5 decades even with its huge success in the Western European market, Fiat never thought of expanding beyond the region. Finally, by the time it ...

a. Hook: Economic recovery proved a highly daunting task for many of the devastated Western European nations following the Second World War. The destruction of lives and property due to the turn of political events during the Second World War depleted much of the resources of Western European nation, leaving them with so little to build on to enable their people to get back on track.

b. Thesis Statement: The Marshall Plan proved a saving force for Western European nations in their goal to fulfill post-Second World War economic recovery and political reformation, despite its inadvertent effects on consolidating the position ...

Is Firing Bad Teachers the Real Solution to the De Facto Segregation in the U.S. Education System?

In “Why We Must Fire Bad Teachers”, Evan Thomas and Pat Wingert have once again identified a very old problem in the U.S. education system, that there is a huge distinction in education quality and outcomes based on class and race in this country. There always has been, and in reality it is still a system that is very highly segregated by race and social class. All the concerns about low graduation rates and falling test scores over the last thirty years are actually a ...

1. Discuss the reality and significance of the Civil War in U.S. history. What were the factors that led to the outbreak of war? What were the long-term consequences of the conflict? Discuss Lincoln s role. What did emancipation mean to both sides in the war?

The reality of the US Civil War lies with the then economic and social differences between the Northern and Southern parts of the US, where Northern Federal states, grew industrialized, welcoming new cultures, while the Southern confederate states maintained an antiquated social order, and agriculture, utilizing the slaves in their farms. These socio ...

After the ending of the Second World War, the world became bi-polar and has been divided into the spheres of influence of the two superpowers. These superpowers were the United States and the Soviet Union. However, domestic, social, economic and foreign policies of these countries were fundamentally different. For example, for the countries of Western Europe was developed a Marshall Plan - the package of measures and economic assistance aimed to help rebuild the shattered economies of Western Europe. Moreover, the Government of the United States proposed a Marshall Plan for Eastern Europe, but the Soviet Union refused from help for ...

The United States and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) have had great influence on the politics and the economics of Post-Communist states. This paper seeks to examine and explore US and NATO military influence in post-communist Poland and East Germany. It further analyzes the role played by the strong presence of the Soviet Republic in both Poland and East Germany in limiting as well as increasing the US and NATO military involvement in the region. Since US foreign security policy in Europe is tied to NATO, the paper will analyze the effect of the military influence of United States ...

Contemporary American society currently faces a number of truly divisive issues regarding personal freedoms and liberties. These debates hold such a sway in society that they often become the deciding factors in political contests of all levels. Consequently, the topics themselves, such as abortion, gay marriage, gun control, and healthcare, are well known to the average person, even if all the facts concerning them are not. However, of these issues, perhaps the most important is the legality of the death penalty as constitutional form of punishment. This extra form of retribution should not be continued in the United States because it ...

Theoretical Explanations of Two Prominent Pre-Industrial Civilizations: The Mayan Civilization and the Roman Empire from the Lens of Joseph Tainter and Arnold Toynbee

Introduction

Civilizations have characterized much of human history and have laid the groundwork for several innovations on human organization. As humans have learned to congregate in societies, they have developed their respective ways of living based on their understanding on the natural and social environment enveloping them within a given geographical area. Human organization inevitably comes into play, in which positions of authority are recognized and tasked to maintain and improve the political, economic and religious affairs of ...

Introduction

The existence of classes in the society has a long history dating back to the 19th century in the Western Europe after the industrial revolution (Abrutyn, 2013). As such, because of the industrial revolution, classes emerged. In this regard, the classes that emerged comprised of those of the rich and those people who worked for them. However, since then different forms of stratification emerged in the society. Examples of such stratifications or classes are the ones based on gender, race, age, and religion (Bartos & Wehr, 2002). Consequently, various arguments exist concerning these new forms of stratification with some people viewing ...

Essay for Lesson 9: The Student Movement and German Terrorism

Introduction The post-Second World War period was a tumultuous time for Germany, as it entailed the division of the nation into two distinct governmental entities – West Germany and East Germany. As West Germany emerged as a bulwark against the Communist-led East Germany – backed by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), it effectively allowed itself to be modeled by the United States (US) as the promoter of democracy in Western Europe. The Marshall Plan, which enabled West Germany to resurrect its status as an industrialized economy, became the cornerstone of US involvement in the nation and eventually throughout the rest ...

Democracy, Rights, and Empire

Thesis Europe has seen it all; revolutions, plague, recession, famine, revolts, and invasions, and this was why, when opportunity came knocking at their doors, the few powerful nations of Europe, adventured to expand and control their business interests far from their shores. In order to understand how and why this transpired, one needs to go back in time and understand Europe as it was in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Background

The Rise of Europe between 1500 and 1850 was largely accounted for by the growth of European nations which shared their borders with the Atlantic, and in particular, ...

American Foreign Policy on the Cold War and Modern Russia

History has long portrayed the United States and Russian Federation (or the former Soviet Union) as bitter rivals since the time of the Great Wars and the onset of the Cold War. Both became the leader of the West and the East as the world’s superpowers in the Cold War, with one becoming the de-facto leader of the international community and the other becoming a silent entity in the European region. For years, both countries remained in conflict in several aspects within the international arena and in the side of the United States, their foreign policy had indicated some ...

(insert professor’s name) (insert course)

Through the 1600 and 1700s, Europe served as a center of a large range of change. From evolution of science and philosophy to the development of new political and religious movements and ideologies, many central elements of European intellectual life underwent a transformation. Accordingly, the art and culture of the era adapted to reflect these developments. More importantly, the forms of art and architecture become a means of supporting changing ideologies in the areas of the most change. The evolution of Baroque art and architecture owed its existence to the cultural rebirth of the Renaissance and ...

Introduction

Economics is the name of earning and utilizing the money at a place from where the likelihood of earning would be on a higher place. Adam Smith and Alfred Marshal are known as the Father of Economics (FOE) and according to them, Economics is the subject which stated that how to earn the money and how to consume it . There are two different kinds of economics, which particularly are Macroeconomics and Microeconomics. Microeconomics is the name of economics which relate to individual economics, while the economics concerned with the economy as a whole is known as Macroeconomics. It is one of ...

Chapter One

The first part of the book provides a title that looks like a poetic title. The title of part one is “The Ocean Shall Unloose the Bonds of things”. The part one of the book contains both chapter one and chapter two. The first chapter is “Antecedents”. The setting of the first chapter takes place in four continents during the fifteenth century. The title gives information which is a coverage that is equal to all the Americas. According to Benjamin’s point of view, the Atlantic Africa, Western Europe as well as the Americas were approximately equivalent during the fifteenth century in ...

- Globalization and burgeoning technology/innovation that shrink product-life-cycles, coupled with global competitor’s quality and price, brings goods to the USA adding to 80-90% mega-competition for most consumer goods sold in USA, compared to <25% in 1950’s. Equally, global companies compete severely and challenge US firms abroad. - The U.S. and Eurozone economies play major roles in the world economy and are crucially important for each other’s prosperity. The two sides combined account for around 40% of world GDP, over 25% of world trade, 60% of world foreign direct investment flows, and 60%-70% of ...

The 1960s was a period of optimism for integration. This was marked by the pressure exerted by the European Economic Community, which demanded rapid integration. According to Hoffman, integration is “a vindication of the nation-state as the basic unit” (Hoffman, 1966, p. 157). The integration process involves a series of bargains between sovereign states, which pursue the national interests. This view is often labeled as intergovernmentalism. For every student of world order the critical issue is usually the fate of the nation-state. Considering the nuclear age, it is evident that the fragmentation of the world in to a multitude of units, which ...

Many historians note that the fourteenth century was an era that saw many natural and man-made catastrophes. The Black Death and the Great Famine were two of the natural disasters that caused the deaths of millions of people and demonstrated the impact of the vulnerabilities in the Western part of the European society. At the start of the fourteenth century, the population in Europe grew to the extent that the land provided resources that could support the region under the most excellent conditions. In fact, there was no margin for the failure of crops or the shortfalls in the ...

The Copernican revolution is a paradigm shift from the Ptolemaic model of the universe that has postulated that the Earth is the center of the universe, a heliocentric model with the Sun at the center of our solar system. This event was one of the starting points of the beginning of the scientific revolution of the XVI century. Copernican theory was tantamount to a revolutionary restructuring not only in astronomy and science, but also in the methods of scientific research and knowledge. It has led to radical changes in the way of thinking of scientists, turning it from conventional and rigid dogma ...

Became Integrated

The Eurasian landmass has witnessed the spread of such major religions as Christianity and Islam. It is also where knowledge of philosophy, science and technology originated, shaping Western culture and thought. This cultural melting pot flourished because the peoples of the Eurasian landmass have been linked along cultural, religious and political lines for centuries; trade and war among other factors, stimulated the sharing of social experiences and improvements in technology and agriculture. The purpose of this essay is to explain how the integration of Eurasia came about between 1000 and 1600 CE up to eventual integration of the Americas ...

World political arena has already seen and practiced a number of various theories, concepts and ideas of how to build productive economy, set the qualitative state machine, and form happy society. Over the past two hundred years, Europe has changed plenty of political ideologies and views, a lot of political movements and parties have been formed, and every political phenomenon has influenced on the further development of the European countries. Some of them (political phenomena) led to negative or unpredictable consequences; several had a positive effect on the nations and other were roughly distorted or reformed into the new ideologies. And over ...

Introduction

Automotive industry plays a key role in the development and engineering in general and transport engineering in particular. Automotive industry world is capacious and very important sector of the world economy and international business, it's not only the cars, but also a variety of goods on car servicing, as well as, to a large extent, the market for the production and sale of spare parts. Car Market has a number of related markets and industries from the most closely adjacent (market parts and blocks of cars and the oil industry) to the less obvious (roads, production of accessories for cars, etc.). An ...

Institutional establishment

The period of 16th – 18th centuries was a period, new basic principles between countries were transforming. It was a time of the first pan-European war that took place in 1618 and lasted for 30 years. In 1756, the first global war began. It involved not only Europe, but also overseas territories. In these three centuries, Europe lost the faith in the monarchy and lived three bourgeois revolutions, powerful spiritual meltdowns. All those events have shaped the consciousness of a contemporary European. This is not a complete list of what happened in the Western civilization for those three centuries. The 16th century was ...

- Define and explain the reasons for the emergence of the Renaissance. Was the Renaissance truly a re-awakening? Or something truly unique?

Answer

The meaning of renaissance is ‘re-birth’. Renaissance, however, remained from 1350-1600. Renaissance emerged because of the secular hunger to discover the text, for introducing political and social change that can improve the conditions of the continent. The monasteries and the courts of Europe consisted of the old texts and manuscripts, but change in the views of scholar paved the way to huge reappraisal and reevaluation of classical work and this become possible because of the Renaissance. Moreover, Renaissance ...

The power of the papacy

The papacy has always played a vital role in Christianity from the days of the Roman Empire. In those days, the papacy was the only thing that was left of Rome after its fall. Rome was considered a sacred place based on the history of discipleship and the belief that the Apostles Paul and Peter practiced their martyrdom. Because of this symbolism, Rome was still respected even after it was defeated, and the religious background it possessed made the system of the papacy the ultimate center of attention. The westerners fought with the easterners over the control of Rome because of ...

Western European

There were major changes in art and culture between 1000AD to 1400 AD in Western Europe. These transformations in art and culture had significant impacts on the Western European society in various ways. There was a significant relationship between the existent art and culture because some of the arts reflected the prominent cultural themes in Western Europe. There were various cultural themes in Western Europe during this period. First there was the formation of new kingdoms that formed the basis of the political development during that period. Some of the major kingdoms formed during this time were the Anglo-Saxon ...

Immigration Act of 1924

It was a legislation that was supposed to limit the immigration numbers from other areas of the world, and maintain the ideal of American homogeneity. The Immigration Act of 1924 was introduced by Congressman Albert Johnson in the House of Representatives and David Reed in the senate, purposely to regulate the influx of immigrants to the United States. It was also known as the Johnson-Reid Act, enacted with the aim of restricting immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe, and the complete barring of Japanese from entering the American soil. It was signed into law on May 26 1924; it was ...

LESSON 4.2

LESSON 4.3 Fagan’s book makes a unique contribution towards understanding of climate change. He provides unique information on the topic of climate change by helping historians to understand what happened in the period between ten and thirteenth century (Fagan, 2009). According to Fagan, climate has transformed human societies either for good or for worse over the years. The irregular warming that took place between 800 and 1250 had beneficial effects to the north Atlantic and Europe, but resulted to prolonged drought in the large part of America (Fagan, 2009). Fagan was able to use the data that climatologists ...

Establishment

Abstract America took the initiative to create the security mechanism to involve the majority of democratic countries and stabilize Europe, because the fact that the Soviet Union no longer controlled the surrounding countries increased the tensions in the region. In April 4, 1949, the countries signed a final treaty that established NATO. The USSR has strongly opposed the formation of the organization. In a response, it created its own structure to maintain its stability in the Western Europe. Not all countries became beneficial because of the creation of NATO. Some countries found themselves on the wage of the war with ...